【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 蒋和超；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 社会工作， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在中国新型城镇化建设和快速老龄化的社会背景下,使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2015年度的调查数据研究了农村老年人日常照料需求对子代家庭迁移策略的影响。在本文中,老年人日常照料需求采用国际通用的ADL、IADL指标以及老年人自评健康进行测量,子代迁移策略包括子代迁移与否、子代迁移距离以及子代迁移现状等三个维度,同时,根据家庭生命周期理论和角色理论,本文还探讨了老年人年龄和子女性别与子代家庭迁移策略的关系。logit模型和逆处理概率模型(IPTW)估计结果显示:(1)老年人日常照料需求会显著影响子代家庭迁移策略和迁移距离。具体而言,与没有照料需求的老人相比,有照料需求的老人子代家庭迁移几率会下降,且有照料需求的老人子代家庭迁移距离更近。(2)老年人日常照料需求会负向影响儿子、正向作用女儿家庭迁移策略。具体来说,有照料需求的老人,儿子家庭迁移几率会下降,但是女儿家庭迁移几率会上升。(3)老年人日常照料需求会负向影响子代家庭整体迁移,但不会影响子代家庭部分迁移。(4)老人自评健康会影响子代家庭迁移策略和迁移距离,但是不会影响子代家庭整体或部分迁移。老人自评健康状况越好,子代发生家庭迁移的可能性越高,距离越远。(5)仅80-90岁年龄段高龄老人会显著影响子代家庭迁移策略和迁移距离。老人年龄越大,子代发生家庭迁移的可能性越低,且子代家庭迁移距离越近。(6)子女性别会显著影响其家庭迁移策略和迁移距离。通常而言,女儿家庭迁移几率要高于儿子家庭,且女儿家庭迁移距离也大于儿子。基于以上研究发现,拟提出以下建议:宏观上,应大力发展农村经济,缩小城乡发展差距。可以鼓励发展农村非农经济和产业,以增强农村发展活力,增加农民非农经济收入;其次是提升农村医疗卫生水平和农村老年人自身的卫生健康意识。中观层面,主要关注家庭视角,在新型城镇化建设过程中关注家庭功能的维护和完整。另外,公众应该转变传统的照料观念,弱化老年人照料的性别差异,无论是老年人自我照顾还是儿子和女儿的照料义务分担都不应该过分的划分性别差异。微观层面,首先应该注重老人年龄差异,开展有针对性的老年社会工作;其次是丰富子代照料形式,多措并举满足老年人的不同照料需求;最后应该激发老人自身潜能,增强自我照顾能力。农村老人的照料需求要得到很好地满足,必须是各方共同努力才能实现的,这也是建设“人的城镇化”必然要回应和解决的现实问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the social context of China’s new urbanization and rapid aging,this paper investigates the impact of the daily care needs of rural elderly people’s daily care needs on the migration strategies of children’s families,using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)2015.In this paper,the daily care needs of the elderly are measured by the internationally accepted ADL and IADL indicators as well as the self-rated health of the elderly;children’s migration strategy includes three dimensions: whether children migration or not,children’s migration distance and children’s migration status,etc.At the same time,according to the family life cycle and role theory,this paper also explores the effects of the age of the elderly and the gender of children on the migration strategy of the children’s family.The logit model and Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting(IPTW)estimation results show that(1)the daily care needs of the elderly can significantly affect children’s family migration strategies and migration distances.Specifically,compared with elderly without care needs,children’s family migration odds decreased for elderly with care needs,and children’s family migration distances was closer for elderly with care needs.(2)The daily care needs of the elderly negatively affect son’s family migration strategies and positively affect daughter’s family migration strategies.Specifically,the odds of migration for sons but not for daughters will decrease for elderly people with care needs,but increase for daughters.(3)The daily care needs of the elderly will negatively affects children’s overall family migration,but not the partial migration of the children’s family.(4)The self-rated health of elderly will affect children’s family migration strategy and distance,but not the whole or part of children’s family migration strategy.The better the self-rated health of the elderly,the higher the probability of children’s family migration and the longer the children’s family migration distance.(5)Only the 80-90 age group affects children’s family migration strategies and distances.The older the elderly,the less likely the children are to migrate,and the closer the children’s family is to migrate.(6)Children’s gender will significantly affect their migration strategies and distance.In general,daughters are more likely to migrate than sons,and daughters are also migrate over greater distances than sons.Based on the research findings,the author makes the following policy recommendations: On the macro level,the rural economy should be vigorously developed to narrow the gap between urban and rural development.The development of rural non-farm economy and industries can be encouraged to enhance the vitality of rural development and increase farmers’ non-farm income.We should also improve the level of rural health care and the health awareness of the rural elderly themselves.At the meso level,the main focus is on the family perspective.It focuses on the maintenance and integrity of family functions in the process of new urbanization construction.In addition,the public should change the traditional concept of care-giving and weaken the gender differences in elderly care,both in terms of self-care of the elderly and the sharing of care-giving obligations between sons and daughters should not be overly divided into gender differences.At the micro level,firstly,we should focus on the age difference of the elderly and carry out targeted social work for the elderly;secondly,we should enrich the form of child care and take multiple measures to meet the different care needs of the elderly;finally,we should stimulate the potential of the elderly themselves and enhance their self-care ability.The care needs of the elderly in rural areas must be met by the joint efforts of all parties,and this is a reality that must be addressed in the construction of a “human urbanization”.更多还原