【作者】 刘茜；

【导师】 何霞；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济社会的不断发展和文化环境的不断创新,多元化的价值取向和婚育观念充斥在人类文明的繁衍与发展中。女性受教育程度不断提高,经济独立能力与社会地位逐步增强,相比于过去依附于男性的生活状态,婚姻不是这些女性的必然归宿,但单身的女性同样拥有成为母亲的诉求与权利。近年来,我国单身女性数量庞大,人口占全国人口的比重已逾20%,其中具备生育意愿的单身女性不在少数。同时面对我国育龄妇女基数减少,出生率逐年下降,老龄化现象愈发严重的社会现实,适度放宽生育政策,回归生育权人权本质的紧迫性就越发凸显。生育权具有人权属性,单身女性具有现实的生育需求,但在法律上、政策上与道德伦理上对单身女性行使生育权都造成了巨大的阻碍。本文论述了单身女性群体生育权实现的现实困境,进而讨论单身女性生育权的合法性与社会保障制度的构建。在我国法律体系中,生育权毫无疑问都被看作为一项基本人权被纳入其中,但是对于单身女性这一特殊群体的生育权却没有明确规定,面对现实诸如社会抚养费缴纳、非婚生子女的落户与入学、社会歧视等问题仍需要相关法律法规的明确规定予以引导。因此,本文从单身女性生育权实现的法律困境着手,论证单身女性生育权和合法性,进而探寻其解决的方法。研究方法上本文采取交叉学科研究的方式,通过参考人口学、社会学、经济学等内容,结合多种角度,通过梳理其中与单身女性生育权的内容,给出符合我国国情的单身女性生育权的社会保障思路。本文支持单身女性行使生育权并非意在助长非婚生育的风气,而是出于男女平等的要求、生育权的人权属性、人口结构的现实需要和对个体权益的切实保障等角度。对单身女性生育权进行确认,并不必然解构当今的社会秩序,反而是我国人权意识苏醒、男女平权、法治水平显著提高的重要体现。更多还原

【Abstract】 The continuous development of economy and society,and culture innovation,diversified value orientation and the concept of examination in the reproduction of human civilization and development,increasing women’s level of education and economic independent ability and social status gradually strengthen,attached to men than in the past life,marriage is not the inevitable end of the women,single women has also become a mother’s demands and rights.In recent years,the single female population in China has accounted for more than 20 percent of the national population,and there are no small number of single women who have the desire to have children.At the same time,facing the social reality that the number of women of childbearing age in China is decreasing,the birth rate is declining year by year,and the aging phenomenon is becoming more and more serious,the urgency of the appropriate lending policy on birth and returning to the nature of reproductive rights and human rights is becoming more and more prominent.The reproductive right has the attribute of human rights,and single women have realistic reproductive needs,but it has caused huge obstacles to single women in law,policy and ethics to exercise the reproductive right.This paper discusses the realistic dilemma of the realization of single women’s reproductive rights.Then discuss the legality of single women’s reproductive rights and the construction of social security system.However,in the face of reality,such as the payment of social maintenance fees,the settlement and enrollment of illegitimate children,social discrimination and other issues still need to be guided by clear provisions of relevant laws and regulations.Therefore,this paper starts from the legal dilemma of the realization of single women’s reproductive rights and explores the solutions.In terms of research methods,this paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach.By referring to demography,sociology,economics and other contents,and combining various perspectives,the reason why this paper supports the reproductive rights of single women is not to encourage unmarried childbirth,but to protect individual rights and interests.Standardizing single women’s reproductive rights is not a blasphemy against China’s traditional moral concepts,but an important reflection of China’s progress in the rule of law.更多还原