【作者】 王静；

【导师】 孙蓉；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 保险学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着普惠金融的发展,普惠保险应运而生。普惠保险是以弱势群体利益最大化为目标、市场化运作的政策性保险,具有益贫性、市场化和政策性等特征。《推进普惠金融发展规划(2016—2020年)》1(国发[2015]74号)多次提及普惠保险的发展要求,并指出普惠金融的服务对象包括小微企业、农民、城镇低收入人群、残疾人、老年人等特殊群体。普惠保险的两大险种包括小额保险和农业保险。《中国保险业发展“十三五”规划纲要》2明确提出,要“大力发展普惠保险,开发各类保障适度、保费低廉的小额保险产品”。2016年,《关于做好保险业助推脱贫攻坚工作的意见》3(保监发[2016]44号)提出:“精准对接农业保险服务需求……积极开发扶贫农业保险产品”。2018年,《乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022年)》4要求完善农业保险政策体系,创新农业保险产品。2021年中央一号文件5再次聚焦农业农村发展,提出“扩大三大粮食作物完全成本保险与收入保险试点范围”,以提升粮食和重要农产品供给保障能力;“健全农业再保险制度”,以强化农业农村优先发展投入保障。可见,普惠保险不仅仅是单纯分散生产经营风险的重要手段,更是缓解贫困、促进乡村振兴不可或缺的政策工具。要充分发挥普惠保险在分散生产经营风险、缓解贫困、促进乡村振兴等方面的积极作用,需要强化其风险保障功能。一方面,监管部门、学术界及业界愈发重视“保险回归保障本源”。另一方面,中国以农业保险为代表的普惠保险保障水平仍有较大提升空间,且保险保障功能越来越受到政策层面的重视。《关于加快农业保险高质量发展的指导意见》1(财金[2019]102号)提出了实现农业保险“扩面、增品、提标”的基本要求;2020年政府工作报告2提出要“强化保险保障功能”;2021年政府工作报告3强调了保险业在国家经济和社会发展当中作用,提出要充分发挥保险业在国家经济社会发展中的保障作用,提升保险保障和服务的功能。可见,提高以农业保险为代表的普惠保险风险保障功效是现实要求和政策导向。因此,本文拟围绕普惠保险、风险保障功效、政府职责这些关键点,通过分析典型案例及宏微观数据,探讨普惠保险风险保障功效的衡量方法及政府职责对其风险保障功效的影响。本文的研究思路是:在文献梳理、概念界定、理论分析的基础之上,从普惠保险的风险保障水平、风险保障效率及风险保障贡献三个维度出发,构建衡量普惠保险风险保障功效的指标体系,对中国各省份普惠保险的风险保障功效进行测度,并分析普惠保险风险保障功效的基本现状。其次,分析影响普惠保险发展的政府职责,并梳理中国对普惠保险的扶持情况。进一步地,本文将实证检验政府职责如何影响普惠保险风险保障功效,在微观层面,一是以四川省的“扶贫保”作为普惠保险的典型案例,分析其相关政策与实施成效;二是基于笔者亲身参与的国家课题调研所得的截面数据,实证分析政府职责对普惠保险风险保障功效的影响;在宏观层面,以普惠保险风险保障功效的测度结果作为被解释变量,实证检验政府职责对普惠保险风险保障功效的影响。最后总结本文的主要研究结论,并对如何提升普惠保险风险保障功效,政府如何更好地扶持普惠保险发展提出政策建议。全文共包含以下六个部分:第一部分为绪论,主要介绍了本文的研究背景与意义、国内外文献综述、研究思路与内容、创新与不足。第二部分为相关概念与理论基础,主要对普惠保险、风险保障功效及政府职责三方面的概念与理论基础进行阐述。第三部分为普惠保险风险保障功效的衡量及测度。本文从普惠保险的风险保障水平、风险保障效率及风险保障贡献三方面构建衡量普惠保险风险保障功效的指标,并对中国各省份普惠保险的风险保障功效进行测度,分析普惠保险风险保障功效的基本现状。第四部分分析了政府职责对普惠保险风险保障功效的影响。本部分阐述了政府在普惠保险发展中的定位,并将政府职责的具体表现归纳为制度保障职责、财政职责和监管职责,探讨了此三方面如何影响普惠保险风险保障功效,并梳理中国对普惠保险的扶持情况。第五部分从微观与宏观层面两个角度对普惠保险的风险保障功效及其政府职责进行实证分析。在微观层面,一是以四川省“扶贫保”作为普惠保险的典型案例,分析其相关政策与实施成效;二是基于笔者参与国家课题调研所得的截面数据,实证分析政府职责对普惠保险风险保障功效的影响;在宏观层面,以第三部分普惠保险风险保障功效的测算结果作为被解释变量,实证分析政府职责对普惠保险风险保障功效的影响。第六部分为研究结论与政策建议。本文研究得出以下结论:一是普惠保险具有益贫性、市场化、政策性等特征,它在社会生活中的作用日益增大;二是通过风险保障水平、保障效率和保障贡献三方面建立的多维指标,能够更加全面地衡量普惠保险风险保障功效,有效地反映其实施成效;三是普惠保险的特质、公共产品理论及社会风险管理理论是政府在普惠保险中承担职责的重要依据;四是政府职责有利于提升普惠保险风险保障功效,且政府职责对东部、中西部普惠保险风险保障功效的影响存在差异。以研究结论为基础,本文提出政策建议:一是政府应重视普惠保险的地位,通过制度创新、鼓励产品和服务创新等,提升普惠保险的风险保障功效;二是强化普惠保险政府职责,大力扶持普惠保险发展,不断完善差异化的普惠保险扶持政策,探索完善普惠保险补贴方式,进一步落实普惠保险便民惠民举措,保障普惠保险政策目标落实。本文的创新点是:第一,本文尝试使用多维指标综合考察普惠保险的风险保障功效。本文从风险保障水平、风险保障效率、风险保障贡献三个角度出发,初步构建了一个衡量普惠保险风险保障功效的综合性指标,并运用于政府职责对普惠保险风险保障功效影响的实证分析之中。第二,本文尝试从微观与宏观两方面探讨政府职责对普惠保险发展的影响。即在微观层面,本文运用了笔者亲身参与国家社科基金项目2019年一对一的农村贫困村庄入户调研微观数据,以及四川省普惠保险产品“扶贫保”的实践,使本文有了普惠保险的相关数据和小额保险的现实案例;在宏观层面,运用了普惠保险的省级面板数据,实证检验了政府职责对普惠保险及其风险保障功效的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of Inclusive Finance,inclusive insurance came into our visions.Inclusive insurance is a policy insurance aiming at maximizing the interests of vulnerable groups and adhering to the principle of market operation.It has the characteristics of poverty benefit,market-oriented and policy-supported.The Promotion of Inclusive Financial Development Plan(2016-2020)(GF [2015]No.74)took small and micro enterprises,farmers,low-income people in cities,poor people,disabled people,elderly and other special groups as the service objects of Inclusive Finance in China,and had mentioned the development requirements of inclusive insurance for many times.The two major types of inclusive insurance include micro insurance and agricultural insurance.The Outline of the 13th-five Year Plan for the Development of China’s Insurance Industry clearly states that "we should vigorously develop inclusive insurance,provide various kinds of small insurance products with moderate and low premium." In 2016,the Opinions on Promoting and Overcoming Poverty in Insurance Industry(CIRC [2016] No.44)issued by the former CIRC and the Poverty Alleviation and Development Leading Group Office of the State Council put forward that we must accurately meet the needs of agricultural insurance services and develop agricultural insurance products for poverty alleviation.In2018,the Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization(2018-2022),issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council,required that the agricultural insurance policy system be improved and agricultural insurance products be innovated.Therefore,inclusive insurance is not only an important means of dispersing the risk of production and operation,but also an indispensable policy tool to alleviate poverty and promote rural governance.To bring the positive role of inclusive insurance in dispersing production and operation risks,alleviating poverty and promoting rural governance into full play,we need to strengthen its risk protection function.On the one hand,there is still much room to improve the level of China’s inclusive insurance represented by agricultural insurance.On the other hand,more and more attention has been paid to the risk safeguard function at the policy level.The Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-quality Development of Agricultural Insurance(CJ [2019]No.102)put forward the requirements of "expanding the coverage,increasing products and raising the standard" of agricultural insurance;Premier Li Keqiang proposed to "strengthen the risk safeguard function " in the government work report in 2020;and the government work report in 2021 emphasizes the role of the insurance industry in the national economic and social development,and proposes to give full play to the insurance industry’s security role in the national economic and social development,so as to enhance the function of insurance security and service.This shows that improving the efficacy of risk protection of inclusive insurance represented by agricultural insurance is a realistic requirement and policy orientation.Therefore,the key points of this paper include inclusive insurance,the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance and its government responsibility.This paper examines how to measure the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance and how the government responsibilities affect its efficacy through some typical cases and data.The research idea of this paper is as follows: after a relatively comprehensive understanding of the previous literatures,conceptions and theories,this paper first builds an index system to measure the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance from the following three dimensions: risk protection level,risk protection efficiency and risk protection contribution.Then this paper calculates the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance of China’s provinces using the above index system,and analyzes the basic status quo of the efficacy of risk protection of inclusive insurance.And then,the paper analyzes the government responsibilities that affect the development of inclusive insurance,and finds how china supports the inclusive insurance.Further,the paper makes theoretical analysis and empirical test on the policy factors that affect the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance.At the micro level,this paper takes the "poverty alleviation insurance" in Sichuan Province as a typical case of micro insurance to analyze its related policies and effectiveness,and examines how the government responsibilities affect its efficacy based on the cross-sectional data obtained from the national research project which the author participated.At the macro level,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of government responsibility on inclusive insurance with the numerical values of the efficacy of inclusive insurance calculated by the author being the dependent variable.Finally,the main conclusions of this paper are summarized,and policy suggestions on how to better support the development of inclusive insurance and how to improve its efficacy of risk protection are put forward.The paper consists of the following six parts:The first part is the introduction,which introduces the background and significance,domestic and foreign literatures,research ideas and content,innovation and deficiency.The second part is the core concepts and theoretical basis,mainly including the concept and theoretical basis of inclusive insurance,the efficacy of risk protection function and government responsibility.The third part is the measurement index and method of the efficacy of risk protection function.This paper builds a comprehensive index from three aspects:risk protection level,risk protection efficiency and risk protection contribution.It also calculates the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance of China’s provinces using the above index system,and analyzes the basic status quo of the efficacy of risk protection of inclusive insurance.The fourth part analyzes government responsibilities in inclusive insurance and its impact on the efficacy of risk protection function.This part describes the positioning of the government in the process of developing inclusive insurance,and concretely summarizes the government responsibilities into three aspects:policy support,financial subsidies and government supervision,and discusses how these three aspects affect the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance.The fifth part makes an empirical analysis from the micro and macro perspectives.With the micro perspective,the author takes the "poverty alleviation insurance" in Sichuan Province as a typical case of micro insurance to analyze its relevant policies and implementation effect;and empirically analyzes the impact of government responsibilities on the efficacy of risk protection function based on the cross-sectional data obtained from the National Research project that the author personally participated in.With the macro perspective,the author uses the numerical values in the third part as the dependent variable to empirically analyze the impact of government responsibility on the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance.The sixth part is the research conclusions and policy suggestions.This paper draws the following conclusions: first,the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance needs to be measured by three indicators: risk protection level,risk protection efficiency and risk protection contribution;second,the characteristics of inclusive insurance,public product theory and social risk management theory are the theoretical bases for the government to shoulder responsibility in inclusive insurance;third,government responsibility is conducive to improving the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance.Based on the research conclusions,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: the government should attach importance to the status of inclusive insurance,and improve the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance by continuously carrying out institution and encouraging products and service innovation;second,the government must strengthen its responsibility of inclusive insurance and vigorously support the development of inclusive insurance.It must not only constantly put forward differentiated inclusive insurance policies,but also improve the publicity and interpretation methods of the inclusive insurance policies.The possible innovations of this paper are as follows: first,this paper attempts to use more comprehensive indicators to measure the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance.This paper initially constructs a comprehensive index to measure the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance from the perspective of risk protection level,risk protection efficiency and risk protection contribution,and applies it to the empirical analysis of the impact of government responsibility on the efficacy of risk protection function of inclusive insurance.Second,this paper attempts to analyze the influence of government responsibility on the development of inclusive insurance from micro and macro aspects.At the micro level,this paper uses the micro data of one-to-one household survey of rural poor villages in 2019,which the author was personally involved in and was funded by the national social science project,as well as the practice of the "poverty alleviation insurance",which is an example of inclusive insurance and is implemented in the whole province by Sichuan Banking and Insurance Regulatory Office,so that this paper has the relevant data of inclusive insurance and the real case of micro insurance;at the macro level,the paper uses the provincial panel data relating to inclusive insurance and empirically tests the impact of government responsibility on the development of inclusive insurance and its efficacy of risk protection function.更多还原