【作者】 刘阳；

【导师】 王全九； 曲植； 张江辉；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 农业工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国新疆等干旱半干旱地区水资源短缺长期影响着灌溉农业的发展,开发利用劣质水资源对于新疆农业发展显得尤为重要。本文基于大田试验和盆栽试验,采用去电子微咸水灌溉,通过设置交替灌溉方式及施氮处理对土壤水盐肥分布状况、棉花生长特征进行了系统研究,主要研究结果如下:(1)去电子微咸水与未去电子微咸水交替灌溉下棉花的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、单株叶片数、单株果枝数、结铃数、整株干物质重大小规律均表现为全生育期灌溉去电子微咸水最佳,而交替灌溉次之。且去电子微咸水灌溉时期愈多和灌溉时间愈早对于促进作物生长效能愈好。(2)在不同施氮制度下利用去电子微咸水灌溉有利于提升土壤存储水分能力,减少棉花根区土壤氮素残留,有利于促进棉花吸收利用。去电子微咸水灌溉下土壤含盐量较未去电子微咸水灌溉减小11.3～27.8%,平均土壤含水量较未去电子微咸水处理增大4.60～6.62%。(3)相同施氮总量条件下,适当降低蕾期、花铃期施氮量而增加盛铃期施氮量(N2)有利于提高棉花各生长指标及棉花总生物量与产量。在该施氮制度下利用去电子微咸水(DW2)灌溉较其他施氮制度处理棉花总生物量增大10.7～32.7%,其产量为540.36 kg/亩;未去电子微咸水(BN2)灌溉下棉花总生物量较其他施氮制度处理增大8.9～37.1%,其产量为522.25 kg/亩。(4)基于Logistic模型对各施氮制度下的棉花生长指标进行拟合,建立了棉花相应指标增长模型,能够较好地描述棉花株高、总生物量、叶面积指数随生育时间的变化过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The shortage of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions such as Xinjiang has long affected the development of irrigated agriculture.The development and utilization of low-quality water resources is particularly important for the development of Xinjiang’s agriculture.Based on field experiments and pot experiments,this paper uses ionized brackish water irrigation to systematically study the distribution of soil water,salt,and fertilizer and cotton growth characteristics through alternate irrigation methods and nitrogen treatment.The main research results are as follows:(1)Plant height,stem thickness,leaf area index,number of leaves per plant,number of fruit branches per plant,number of bolls,and dry matter weight of cotton under alternate irrigation with ionized brackish water and unionized brackish water.the regularity is that the ionized brackish water is the best for irrigation during the whole growth period,and the alternate irrigation is the second.Moreover,the more ionized brackish water irrigation period and the earlier the irrigation time,the better the efficiency of promoting crop growth.(2)The use of ionized brackish water irrigation under different nitrogen application systems is beneficial to improve soil water storage capacity,reduce soil nitrogen residues in the cotton root zone,and promote cotton absorption and utilization.The salt content of the soil under the ionized brackish water irrigation was 11.3～27.8%lower than that of unionized brackish water irrigation,and the average soil water content was 4.60～6.62%higher than that of ionized brackish water irrigation.(3)Under the same conditions of total nitrogen application,appropriately reducing the amount of nitrogen application at the bud and flower and boll stage and increasing the nitrogen application(N2)at the full boll stage is beneficial to increase the growth indicators of cotton and the total biomass and yield of cotton.Under this nitrogen application system,using ionized brackish water irrigation(DW2)compared with other nitrogen application systems,the total biomass of cotton increased by 10.7～32.7%,and its yield was 8105.4 kg/hm2;under unionized brackish water irrigation(BN2)the total biomass of cotton increased by 8.9-37.1%compared with other nitrogen application regimes,and its yield was 7833.75 kg/hm2.(4)The Logistic model was used to fit the cotton growth index under each nitrogen application system,and the corresponding cotton index growth model was established,which can better describe the change process of cotton plant height,total biomass,and leaf area index with growth time..更多还原