【作者】 张晓晴；

【导师】 王俊杰；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 新闻与传播专业（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 2020年春节一场突如其来的新冠疫情席卷全球,媒体作为传播信息的媒介,是新闻报道的实施者,也是人民群众的发声器,主流媒体更是在新闻实践中处于重要地位。本文以《人民日报》新冠疫情报道为话语实例,选取2019年12月1日-2020年12月1日的报道作为研究对象,综合应用梵·迪克新闻话语分析理论和费尔克拉夫的批评话语分析理论,进行新冠疫情报道的话语分析。本研究在运用费尔克拉夫三个维度:话语文本、话语实践、社会实践分析基础上,吸收了梵·迪克新闻话语分析框架中对于文本的分析,其中包括新闻图示、词汇、词频、报道修辞和风格方面的研究。最终通过对《人民日报》新冠疫情报道的话语分析,探究出增强传播力和舆论引导力的方法,为其他媒体做好同类报道提供参考,使其更好地发挥社会意义。在文本层面,《人民日报》在词汇、句型、修辞的选择上都更加积极,传达了“抗疫必胜”的信念。宏观视角中消息类报道数量占比最多,新闻图示“概述-主要事件”。通讯类报道数量占比其次,新闻图示“概述-主要事件-评价”。评论类报道数量最少,新闻图示“概述-主要内容-预测”。微观视角中,从高频词分析得出它反映的主题与宏观上的《人民日报》“新冠疫情”报道的主题是一致的,并且针对不同的报道内容《人民日报》运用相对应的词句表达。《人民日报》新冠疫情报道话语风格多样,话语修辞巧用比喻、排比、设问、和多种修辞策略,字里行间中有很多隐含意义;在话语实践层面,报道主题多样,报道数量呈现递增的状态,不同的疫情发展阶段有相对应的报道重点。报道的消息来源具备权威性,最多的报道来自于本报记者直接采访,原创性很强。《人民日报》通过直接引用的形式,展现了我国抗疫工作的状态以及国际社会的好评;在社会实践层面,《人民日报》努力的展现了大国形象,为中国在国际舆论界争夺了话语权。从政治因素看“新冠疫情”是依托政府的国家之战,从社会因素看“新冠疫情”是全民抗疫的人民之战,作为主流媒体的《人民日报》其专业逻辑是最大优势。人类的命运共同体意识在《人民日报》新冠疫情报道中尤为凸显。纵观《人民日报》的新冠疫情报道,话语导向理性客观平衡、话语使用量体裁衣,特征多样、政治话语阵脚稳,舆论话语基调准,唱响了主旋律,坚守住了舆论阵地,为日后媒体报道类似事件提供了优良示范。除了正面影响笔者也总结了几点需要改进的地方:增加健康传播话语,提升公众防控意识;均衡报道数量,平衡话语主体;完善报道基调,创新呈现方式,这些为未来的公共重大卫生事件的报道提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spring Festival 2020 a sudden new crown epidemic swept the world,the media as the media to disseminate information,is the implementer of news reports,but also the people’s voice,the mainstream media is in the practice of news in an important position.Taking the report of epidemic situation of new crown in people’s Daily as an example,this paper selects the report from December 1,2019 to December 1,2020 as the research object,this paper applies Van Duecker’s theory of News Discourse Analysis and FAIRCLOUGH’s theory of critical discourse analysis to the discourse analysis of the new crown epidemic situation report.Based on the analysis of FAIRCLOUGH’s three dimensions:Discourse Text,discourse practice and social practice,this study absorbs the analysis of text in the framework of Van Duecker’s news discourse analysis,it includes research on News Schema,vocabulary,word frequency,report rhetoric and style.Finally,through the discourse analysis of the People’s Daily’s report on the new crown epidemic situation,this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the discourse in the People’s Daily’s report on the new crown epidemic situation,and explores the methods to strengthen the spreading force and the public opinion leading force,it provides the reference for other media to do the same kind of report,and makes it play the social significance better.In the text level,"People’s Daily" in terms of vocabulary,sentence pattern,rhetoric choices are more active,conveying the "fight against the plague will win" belief.In the macro perspective,news reports account for the largest proportion,news graphic "overview-the main event.".Secondly,the category of communication reports,news graphic "overview-major events-evaluation.".Commentary was the least reported,with news graphic "overview-main content-forecast".From the micro perspective,the analysis of high-frequency words shows that the theme it reflects is consistent with the macro theme of the People’s Daily’s "new Crown Epidemic Situation" report,and according to the different report content "People’s Daily" uses the corresponding words and expressions."People’s Daily" New Crown Epidemic Situation Report discourse style is diverse,the discourse rhetoric skillfully uses the metaphor,the arrangement,the question,and many kinds of rhetoric strategies,between the lines have many hidden meanings;in the discourse practice level,the report topic is diverse,the number of reports is increasing,and there are corresponding focal points in different stages of epidemic development.The source of the report has authority,most of the report from the direct interview of our reporter,originality is very strong.The second is the selection of Xinhua News Agency,fully reflects the credibility and authenticity."People’s Daily" showed the state of our country’s anti-epidemic work and the favorable comments of the international community through direct quotations.In social practice,"People’s Daily" made great efforts to present the image of a great nation,for China in the world of public opinion for the right to speak.In view of political factors,"new crown epidemic situation" is a national war depending on the government,and in view of social factors,"new crown epidemic situation"is a people’s war against the epidemic.The consciousness of the community of human destiny is especially prominent in the report of the epidemic situation of the new crown in people’s Daily.A comprehensive survey of the People’s Daily’s Xinguan report shows that discourse leads to rational,objective and balanced discourse,discourse uses a tailored approach,features are diverse,political discourse is stable,the tone of public opinion discourse is correct,the main theme is Sung,and public opinion stands firm,it provides a good example for the media to report similar events in the future.In addition to the positive impact,the author also summarizes several areas that need improvement:increasing the discourse of health communication,raising public awareness of prevention and control;balancing the number of reports,balancing the main discourse;perfecting the tone of reports,innovating the way they are presented,these provide references for future reports of public health events.更多还原