【作者】 程磊；

【导师】 苗力；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 城市规划（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在当前生态文明建设和国土空间规划背景下,强调生态基底、历史文化和产业经济一体化的统筹发展模式。然而在现行历史文化遗产保护体系下,存在遗产保护力度不平衡、整体保护视野局限等问题,使得很多具有价值的历史空间被忽视,此类空间如何优化值得被关注。同时,对辽阳历史城镇的既有研究多集中于卫城、附属地等单一类型,缺乏各历史阶段之间的关联研究。基于此,提出利用城市历史景观的保护理念和方法,与景观生态学中的“斑块-廊道-基质”模式融合,将相关空间要素整合至同一模式下,解析空间关联特征,并利用生态优先的原则缓解城市历史景观的现实困境。研究主体分为“要素提取-空间解析-空间优化”三个部分。要素提取从理解城市历史景观的时间“层积性”和空间、文化“关联性”内涵出发,通过引入“斑块-廊道-基质”模式,从空间结构和功能层面,解读该模式与城市历史景观体现的历史、当代和发展价值的关联。以此为导向梳理辽阳城市演变的区域背景和层积化过程,并结合典型历史文化街区调研,提取空间格局、街巷肌理、建筑空间等要素,进而完成城市历史景观空间向“斑块-廊道-基质”模式的空间转译。空间解析从功能视角揭示城市历史景观现状特征。通过总结斑块的功能、质量和空间价值分布,发现斑块空间存在梯度化分布特征;通过梳理廊道与斑块的空间关系,发现廊道功能弱化导致周边历史氛围及空间连接度减弱;通过分析基质空间的景观格局及生态敏感性特征,发现基质空间对斑块形成不同的“干扰”作用,存在差异性。基于此归纳空间功能“边缘化”、空间发展“局部化”、空间展示“单一化”的现实困境。空间优化针对现实困境,从生态保护优先的视角,提出“基质-廊道-斑块”的空间优化顺序。基质层面,依据生态适宜性评价划分适宜性较高、一般、较低三个层面的基质空间,融合空间特点,提出“修复-塑造-整治”的优化策略,指导“多样化”的空间展示;廊道层面,重点关注历史文化内涵关联、区域发展平衡和游览体验升级三个方面,结合阻力模型及上位规划,克服空间发展相互独立的倾向,形成“多层次”的内涵关联;斑块层面,在适应基质空间特点的基础上,通过整合廊道沿线可利用资源,分类型调整空间定位并提出优化策略,提升空间多样性并实现“多元化”发展。研究表明,通过将城市历史景观空间向“斑块-廊道-基质”模式的转译,以及“基质划定-廊道串联-斑块扩增”的逆向空间优化思路,形成了“保护整体环境-强化空间关联-发展空间特色”的城市历史景观优化新模式,新模式在延续历史文化内涵特色、形成文化与发展良性互动、促进地区间文化交流等方面,具有现实意义和研究价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the background of ecological civilization construction and territory spatial planning,the integrated development mode of ecological base,history and culture and industrial economy should be emphasized.However,under the current historical and cultural heritage protection system,there are problems such as the imbalance of heritage protection efforts and the limitation of the overall protection vision,which make a lot of valuable historical space ignored.How to optimize such spatial deserves attention.At the same time,the existing research on the historical towns of Liaoyang is mostly focused on the single type of acropolis and affiliated places,and lacks the correlation research among different historical stages.Based on this,the conservation concept and method of using urban historical landscape is proposed,which is integrated with the "patch-corridor-matrix" model in landscape ecology.Relevant spatial elements are integrated into the same model,the spatial correlation characteristics are analyzed,and the practical dilemma of urban historical landscape is alleviated by using the principle of ecological priority.The main content of this paper is divided into three parts: "element extraction-spatial analysis-spatial optimization".Starting from understanding the connotation of temporal "stratification" and spatial and cultural "relevance" of urban historical landscape,by introducing the "patch-corridor-matrix" model,the correlation between this model and the historical,contemporary and development value expressed by urban historical landscape from the perspective of spatial structure and function is explained.Guided by this,the regional background and stratification process of Liaoyang’s urban evolution are sorted out.Combined with the investigation of typical historical and cultural blocks,spatial pattern,street texture,architectural space and other elements are extracted,and then the spatial translation of urban historical landscape space into "patchcorridor-matrix" mode is completed.Spatial analysis reveals the current status of urban historical landscape from the perspective of function.By summarizing the distribution of plaque function,quality and spatial value,we found that there was a gradient distribution in plaque space.Through sorting out the spatial relationship between corridors and patches,it is found that the weakened functions of corridors lead to the weakening of the surrounding historical atmosphere and spatial connectivity.By analyzing the characteristics of landscape pattern and ecological sensitivity of matrix space,it was found that matrix space had different "interference" effects on patches.Based on this,the paper summarizes the practical difficulties of "marginalization" of spatial function,"localization" of spatial development and "simplification" of spatial display.Aiming at the realistic dilemma,the spatial optimization sequence of "matrix-corridor-patch" was proposed from the perspective of ecological protection priority.At the matrix level,according to the ecological suitability evaluation,the matrix space was divided into three levels of high suitability,general suitability and low suitability.Combined with the spatial characteristics,the optimization strategy of "repair,shaping and remediation" was proposed to guide the "diversified" spatial display.At the corridor level,it focuses on three aspects:historical and cultural connotation association,regional development balance and tourism experience upgrade.Combining resistance model and upper planning,it overcomes the tendency of independent spatial development and forms "multi-level" connotation association.At the patch level,on the basis of adapting to the spatial characteristics of the matrix,the available resources along the corridor were integrated to adjust the spatial positioning by types and put forward optimization strategies,so as to enhance the spatial diversity and achieve "diversified" development.The research shows that through the translation of urban historical landscape space to "patch-corridor-matrix" model,and the inverse spatial optimization thinking of "matrix demarcation-corridor series-patch amplification",a new urban historical landscape optimization model of "protecting the overall environment-strengthening spatial correlation-developing spatial characteristics" is formed.The new model has practical significance and research value in the aspects of continuing the characteristics of historical and cultural connotation,forming the benign interaction between culture and development,and promoting the cultural exchange between regions.更多还原