【作者】 王健；

【导师】 盘朝奉；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 车辆工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 大力推动电动汽车的发展是国家汽车产业布局的重要一环,而电池的能量密度低与整车续驶里程短成为了限制其发展的主要因素。再生制动技术的发展为解决这一问题提供了新途径,利用电机再生制动特性,将制动过程中车辆的动能转化为电能存储在储能单元中,以便再次利用,提高了整车能量利用率。电动汽车的再生制动系统多采用电机与液压复合制动的方式,本文围绕无源串联再生制动系统中的复合储能系统及机电制动力控制进行了相关研究,具体工作内容如下:(1)结合再生制动系统的工作过程,对其能量流进行分析,推导出再生制动过程中整车减速度与超级电容端电压变化率之间的关系,利用此方程设计了基于能量约束的电机制动力控制方法;结合工程需求,确定了无源串联的复合储能系统结构,通过对能量回收过程分析,对其进行优化设计;除此,对传统液压制动系统控制算法进行了改进。(2)通过对整车制动过程受力分析,结合电动汽车特有再生制动过程,提出基于模糊规则的制动力分配策略;其次,对整车液压制动系统进行了模型构建,利用整车增压实验对系统模型进行了标定。(3)对基于单级串联复合储能系统及基于三级串联复合储能系统的再生制动系统进行了系统模型的搭建,结合典型工况进行了整车系统仿真验证;为进一步验证硬件环境下系统的可行性,对其进行了硬件在环测试。研究结果表明:综合单级及三级再生制动系统,二者在模糊制动力分配策略下的能量回收效率比定比分配下都有所提高,但三级再生制动系统的提高更为明显;与三级系统相比,单级系统在制动平顺性的表现上更优。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vigorously promoting the development of electric vehicles is an important part of the national automobile industry layout,and the low energy density of the battery and the short driving range of the vehicle have become the main factors restricting its development.The development of regenerative braking technology provides a new way to solve this problem.Using the regenerative braking characteristics of the motor,the kinetic energy of the vehicle during the braking process is converted into electrical energy and stored in the energy storage unit for reuse to improve the energy utilization.The regenerative braking system mostly adopts the method of motor and hydraulic compound braking.This article focuses on the hybrid energy storage system and electromechanical braking force control in the passive series regenerative braking system.The specific work content is as follows:(1)Combined with the working process of the regenerative braking system,the energy flow is analyzed.The braking force control method is designed with energy constraints,which is settled by relationship between the vehicle deceleration and the rate of the ultracapacitor terminal voltage during the regenerative braking.For engineering requirements,the passive series hybrid energy storage system structure is determined,and the energy recovery process is analyzed to optimize the design;in addition,the traditional hydraulic brake system control algorithm is improved.(2)Through the force analysis of the braking process,due to the unique regenerative braking process of electric vehicles,a braking force distribution strategy based on fuzzy rules is proposed;secondly,the vehicle hydraulic braking system is modeled,which system model was calibrated using the vehicle supercharging experiment.(3)The system model based on the single-step series hybrid energy storage system and the three-step series hybrid energy storage system was built,and the verification of simulation was carried out in combination with typical working conditions;In order to further verify the feasibility of the system under the hardware environment,hardwarein-the-loop verification was carried out.The research results show that,considering the energy recovery efficiency under the single-step and three-step regenerative braking system,the fuzzy braking force distribution strategy is higher than that under the fixed ratio distribution,but the improvement of the three-step regenerative braking system is more obvious;compared with the single-step system,the single-step system has better braking comfort performance.更多还原