【作者】 方奕；

【导师】 耿涌； 陈国海；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 环境工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 过去十年是中国经济发展的高速时期。与此同时环境问题日益严重,雾霾天气频频发生。政府前期的节能减排工作虽然取得了一定的成效,但当前的环境质量与公众的期盼尚有一定差距。在减少化石能源使用、减少大气污染物排放量,最终改善环境空气质量的道路上仍然还有很长的路要走。在这样的前提下,实施大气污染物减排的协同效应研究,做到大气污染和温室气体同时减排,能更经济有效地改善环境质量,使城市生态环境更宜居。与欧美发达国家不同,亚洲研究机构着重于气候变化政策与环境污染协同控制,而欧美更关注于对于减缓大气污染的政策所带来的复合效应。相较于欧美地区,中日韩等亚洲地区更注重协同效应理论对实际减排的政策效果。研究的主要方向有模型使用、情景分析、定量化研究,更注重减量化带来的社会效益以及对公众健康的影响。本研究在分析了目前为止国内外学界对协同效应减排的理论研究和实际应用后,从实施温室气体和大气污染物减排措施的实际出发,提出了协同效应研究的核算理论、指标体系,以及适合当前形势下大气污染物和温室气体减排协同效应的评估方法。在理论研究的基础上,选择上海市进行案例分析,通过对上海市大气污染排放数据及工程减排措施的研究,设置不同的减排情景,量化评估典型工业城市上海的大气污染减排措施对减少温室气体排放的协同效应,为今后改善环境质量提供科学决策参考。研究结果表明:(1)不同大气污染物减排措施下对温室气体减排效果差异较大,其中对火电行业的工程减排的协同效应是最为显著的。相对于全部单一控制措施,结构性减排和工程性减排相结合对大气主要污染物和温室气体的削减效果最明显。(2)工程减排即通过末端治理烟气脱硝以及超净排放改造等减排措施会带来大气污染物和温室气体减排的负协同效应,但往往末端治理对于大气污染物减排的效果是显著的,远大于其他减排手段。(3)移动源的减排也可带来大气污染物和温室气体减排的协同效应,油品升级及新能源汽车替代可带来温室气体、大气污染物的减排,同时也能减少挥发性有机物的排放。通过机动车提标、油品升级以及新能源车替代等手段,可以实现减少氮氧化物排放量4.05万吨,挥发性有机物排放0.70万吨,颗粒物排放0.32万吨,二氧化碳排放627.36万吨。(4)提高综合能耗的使用效率、搬迁焦化工艺、调整能源使用结构等减排措施都有协同效应的正效应,三项措施并举的效果最好,协同效应最为明显。此外,淘汰高污染高耗能产能带来的大气污染物和温室气体减排协同效应显著。整体产业结构调整能减少二氧化硫排放0.93万吨,氮氧化物0.67万吨,颗粒物1.74万吨,同时减少二氧化碳排放量383.52万吨,也能起到大气污染物减排和碳排放减排的正相关协同效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s economy has experienced rapid development during the last decade.Such rapid development induced many environmental problems,such as the frequent haze issues.Although the Chinese government has made great efforts on energy saving and emission reduction,it is still far away from public expectation and environmental quality should be further improved.In particular,it is crucial to reduce the use of fossil energy and reduce the emission of atmospheric pollutants.Under such a circumstance,it is urgent to take a Synergies approach,namely combining the control of air pollution with climate change combat,so that the overall emission reduction effect can be maximized.Such an approach can improve the overall environmental quality and make sure that the urban environment will be more livable.Unlike those institutions in the developed countries such as European countries and the United States,Asian research institutions focus on the coordinated control of climate change policies and environmental pollution,while those institutions in Europe and the United States focus more on the combined effects of policies to mitigate air pollution.Compared with Europe and the United States,China,Japan and South Korea and other Asian regions pay more attention to the synergistic policy effect on actual emission reduction.The main research directions include modelling and scenarios analysis.More recently research institutions pay more attention on the social benefits of emission reduction and its impact on public health.After conducting literature research from both theoretical studies and the real applications of Synergies for controlling greenhouse gas emission reduction and air pollutants reduction both at home and abroad,this thesis focuses on investigating the Synergies of atmospheric pollutant control and greenhouse gas emission reduction.Shanghai is chosen as one case study city due to its large size and diversified industrial structure.Synergies of reducing both greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants are evaluated so that appropriate mitigation policies can be raised for future improvement.The results show that:(1)Different atmospheric pollutant emission reduction measures can lead to different greenhouse gas emissions,and the Synergies from the thermal power industry is the most significant.Compared with all the single control measures,the combination of structural emission reduction and engineering emission reduction has the most significant effect on the reduction of major atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases.(2)Engineering emission reduction measures include end-of-pipe denitrification of flue gas,and super-clean emission modification,which may lead to negative Synergies.The end-of-pipe denitrification of flue gas is more effective than other measures.(3)The emission reduction of mobile sources can also lead to Synergies of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gas emission reduction.The upgrading of oil products and the promotion of new energy vehicles,as well as the emission reduction of volatile organic compounds,are useful measures to achieve synergies.(4)Other measures that can lead to synergies include increasing the efficiency of energy consumption,relocation of coke process industries,adjusting energy use structure,etc.The combination of these three measures can result in the most significant synergies.In addition,to phase out those high pollution and high energy consuming industries can also help achieve synergies.更多还原