【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 蔡忠亮；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 我国大规模、快速的城市化进程促进了城市经济增长,提高了人民的物质生活水平,但也造成了空气污染、交通拥堵、公共服务设施供给短缺等“城市病”。其中,交通拥堵不仅影响着城市的运转效率、经济与生态效益,还影响着城市居民的日常出行、生活质量。城市道路、出租车轨迹数据蕴藏着丰富的交通信息,是分析城市交通状态的重要数据。本文基于复杂网络等方法,利用道路、出租车轨迹数据,分析路网结构特征、交通流量时空特征;以道路交叉口为研究对象,评价路网结构与交通流量的匹配情况,从而发现路网规划与实际使用不匹配的区域;并以武汉市二环线内主城区为例完成了实证研究,验证了研究方法的有效性。本文的主要研究工作如下:(1)利用中心性指标分析了城市路网结构特征。基于道路数据的拓扑、功能属性,设计了融合通行方向、功能等级、车道数等多种属性的有向加权路网模型,并以此构建了路网。基于有向加权的度中心性、介数中心性、接近中心性、Page Rank中心性,提出了一种集成多中心性的路网结构综合测度指标。利用上述的单一中心性指标、综合中心性指标对路网从数值分布、空间分布入手,分析了路网结构特征;并运用综合中心性指标识别了路网的关键节点。结果表明:研究区路网为无标度网络,路网的关键节点多分布于解放大道、武汉大道、建设大道等主干道上。(2)探索了城市交通流量的时空特征。分别测算了工作日早、晚高峰与周末早、晚高峰共四个高峰期内道路交叉口的交通流量,从数值分布、空间分布的角度分析了城市交通流量的时空特征。具体分析了不同时段下城市交通流总量的数值变化、交通流量降序排列的分布特征,探索了交通流量的时空分布格局、关键交叉口的时空分布格局、交叉口排名的波动性特征。结果表明:研究区路网的交通流总量在工作日早高峰、周末晚高峰分别达到最高、最低。仅少量交叉口的交通流量波动幅度较小,各时段交通流量均较高的交叉口大多分布于解放大道、武胜路上。(3)评价了城市路网结构与交通流量的匹配程度。利用道路交叉口的综合中心性与交通流量,设计了城市路网结构与交通流量的匹配评价方法,包含基于综合中心性与交通流量的相关性的全局匹配测度法,基于结构等级与交通流量等级对比的局部匹配测度法。运用该匹配评价方法,测算了路网在四个高峰期下的全局、局部匹配情况,分析了不同时段下全局匹配相关性的数值变化、局部匹配类型的数值变化与空间分布格局,统计了交叉口在各时段内出现过不匹配情况的次数,分析了不同程度的不匹配类型交叉口的空间分布情况。结果表明:研究区路网结构与交通流量的匹配情况整体较好,全局匹配相关性分别在工作日晚高峰、工作日早高峰达到最高、最低。在各时段中,交叉口为等级匹配的占比均高于80%;为等级不匹配的主要呈现为交通供不应需,多分布于研究区的西北、东南区域,位于彭刘杨路、民主路、丁字桥路等道路上。综上所述,本文能在一定程度上为有关部门在道路规划、交通管理方面提供科学、有效的参考依据,有利于其合理规划与资源分配,从而优化城市空间结构、缓解城市交通压力,促使城市交通持续良性发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The large-scale and rapid urbanization process in China has promoted urban economic growth and raised the material living standards of the people.However,it has also resulted in urban diseases such as air pollution,traffic congestion,shortage of public service facilities,etc.Among them,traffic congestion not only affects the operational efficiency,economic and ecological benefits of the city,but also affects the daily travel and quality of life of urban residents.Urban road data and taxi trajectory data contain rich traffic information and are important perceptual data for analyzing urban traffic status.Based on methods such as complex network,this thesis uses road data to analyze the characteristics of road network structure,and uses taxi trajectory data to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of traffic flow.Moreover,it takes road intersections as the research object to evaluate the matching between road network structure and traffic flow,so as to discover the areas where there is a mismatch between road planning and traffic demand.Finally,this thesis conducts an empirical study using the urban area within the second ring road of Wuhan as the study area to verify the validity of the research method.More specifically,the contents and results of this thesis are as follows:(1)Analyzing the characteristics of urban road network structure by using some centrality indexes.Based on the topological and functional attributes of the road data,a directed weighted road network model incorporating various attributes such as direction,functional class and number of lanes is designed.The road network is constructed by using this model.And the multi-centrality index is proposed by integrating directed weighted degree centrality,directed weighted betweenness centrality,directed weighted closeness centrality,directed weighted Page Rank centrality to comprehensively evaluate characteristics of the road network structure.By using some simple centrality indexes and the multi-centrality index,the characteristics of the road network structure are analyzed in terms of numerical distribution and spatial distribution.And the critical nodes of the road network are identified by applying the multi-centrality index.It is found that the road network in the study area is a scale-free network,and the critical nodes are mostly distributed on the main roads such as Jiefang Avenue,Wuhan Avenue and Jianshe Avenue.(2)Analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban traffic flow.Based on taxi trajectory data,the traffic flow of road intersections is measured respectively during four peak periods: weekday morning peak,weekday evening peak,weekend morning peak and weekend evening peak.And the spatial and temporal characteristics of traffic flow are analyzed in terms of numerical distribution and spatial distribution based on them.Specifically,the numerical changes of the total amount of traffic flow and the distribution of traffic flow in descending order under different peak periods are analyzed.Moreover,the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of traffic flow,as well as the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of critical intersections,are also analyzed in the four peak periods.And the characteristics of intersection ranking volatility in all peak periods are analyzed as well.It is found that the total traffic flow on the road network in the study area reaches a maximum during the weekday morning peak and drops to a minimum during the weekend evening peak.And only a small number of intersections have small fluctuations in traffic flow,and most of the intersections with high traffic flow in all peak periods are located on Jiefang Avenue and Wusheng Road.(3)Evaluating the matching between road network structure and traffic flow.Based on the multi-centrality index and traffic flow of road intersections,the matching evaluation method of urban road network structure and traffic flow is designed.This method includes a global matching measure based on the correlation of the multicentrality index and traffic flow of road intersections,and a local matching measure based on the comparison of road network structure level and traffic flow level.By applying this method,the global and local matching of the road network is measured under the four peak periods.Further,the numerical variation of global correlations,as well as the numerical variation and spatial distribution patterns of local matching types under the four peak periods,are analyzed.Moreover,the number of intersections that have experienced mismatches in each peak period is counted,and the spatial distribution of intersections with different degrees of mismatch types is analyzed.It is found that the matching between road network structure and traffic flow in the study area is good,and the global matching correlation reaches the highest in weekday evening peak and drops to the lowest in weekday morning peak.In each peak period,the percentage of intersections for level matching is higher than 80%;those for level mismatch are mainly shown as a shortage of road supply,mostly distributed in the northwest and southeast areas of the study area,located on roads such as Pengliuyang Road,Minzhu Road and Dingziqiao Road.In summary,this thesis can provide relevant departments with scientific and practical reference in road planning and traffic management to a certain extent,which is conducive to planning and resource allocation to optimize urban spatial structure,alleviate urban traffic pressure and promote the sustainable and benign development of urban traffic.更多还原