【作者】 张人杰；

【导师】 张缨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 宗教学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 普罗提诺是新柏拉图主义的奠基者,也是古希腊罗马哲学的集大成者。他在《九章集》里对灵魂的详尽论述,都是建立在他围绕着太一、理智和灵魂所展开的形而上学基础之上。在普罗提诺看来,从可理知世界到感觉世界,包括灵魂在内的所有事物都是最高本原太一的产物,它们不同程度地分有了太一的痕迹,并展现为一种神意指导下的普遍秩序。在这其中,灵魂凭藉着其“一和多”的本性而占据着普遍秩序中的特殊位置——作为可理知世界与感觉世界之间的能动者。在这种普遍秩序下,灵魂出于本性的活动表现为神意的具体展开:它的下降活动推动普遍秩序的具体展开,导致感觉世界的持续生成;它的上升活动则体现出灵魂在神意的必然法则和公正法则下所表现出的能动性,并最终指向对太一的回归。作为感觉世界的直接创造者,灵魂的活动保证了神意在大全中的贯彻;而作为可理知世界的本原,灵魂的活动则直接体现了太一的诸面相,能够使我们更好地把握对太一的理解。本文试图将灵魂这一能动者的面向作为贯穿全文的枢纽,通过引入“神意”概念来打通太一与灵魂之间的关联,以便对普罗提诺的灵魂观进行进一步的考察。在梳理灵魂本性及其活动为何物的同时,也将“与神合一”这条普罗提诺认为是通向终极福祉的道路放在他的整个形而上学框架之下去考虑。毕竟作为能动者的灵魂,它的现实活动就是在这一普遍秩序的舞台上往来于两个世界之间,为整个宇宙的有机循环提供动力。因此,当我们将普罗提诺的灵魂观看作是一种救赎论的时候,我们所意指的不仅仅是单单关乎灵魂自身的救赎,更重要的是要为灵魂赋予其在整个普遍秩序中的独特位置——在人身上,就反映为自我存在的价值和其与世界之间的关系。普罗提诺最终试图回答的是这样一个问题:人在这个世界上究竟应该如何生存?更多还原

【Abstract】 Plotinus is one of the greatest philosophers in late antiquity and the founder of what is later called Neoplatonism.In his magnum opera The Enneads,Plotinus develops his metaphysics,on which his exposition of the Soul is based,with three principles,the One,the Nous and the Soul.According to Plotinus,all things from the intelligible world and from the sensible world,including the Soul,are emanated from the One.In other words,all things pertain to the One in the way that different levels of beings show a universal order,which is under the Divine Providence.Prior to the examination of the Soul as an agent in Plotinus’Enneads,this thesis clarifies that the One should be understood and rendered in Chinese as benyuan本原rather than as benti本体.It argues that in Plotinus’view,the Soul,being an agent,obtains its nature of“one and many”and occupies a special position in the universal order,which is between the intelligible world and the sensible world.The activity of the Soul embodies the rational principle on the one hand,and manifests the the Divine Providence on the other hand:the Soul’s descent promotes the unfolding of the universal order,leading to the continuous generation of the sensible world;its ascent reflects the initiative of the Soul under the law of necessity and the principle of justice,thereafter points to the return to the One.As the direct creator of the sensible world,the activity of the Soul ensures the implementation of God’s intention;as the principle in the intelligible world,the activity of the Soul shows different aspects of the One,thus it helps us to understand the One.This paper tries to take the Soul as an agent of the pivot of the whole text,and through drawing the concept of the Divine Providence into it to grasp the relationship between the One and the Soul,so as to further study Plotinus’ view of the Soul.Plotinus also considers “ Oneness with God”,which is the path leading to the ultimate blessedness,in the context of his whole metaphysics.After all,the actuality of the soul as an agent is to move between the two worlds on the stage of the universal order,and to power the organic cycle of the cosmos.When we think Plotinus’ view of the Soul as a theory of redemption,we mean not just only about its own redemption of the Soul,but is more important for the Soul to gives its unique position in the whole universal order-in people,it is the valve of their own being and the relationship between them and the world.Plotinus tries to answer this question: How on earth should people live in this world?更多还原