基于思维导图培养初中生问题解决能力的课程设计与实施

【作者】 林彬；

【导师】 杜玉霞；

【作者基本信息】 广州大学 ， 现代教育技术（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科技发展与国际竞争加剧,未来社会将更加复杂和不确定,个人要适应和有效应对未来社会的挑战,必须具备良好的问题解决能力。初中是个体问题解决能力形成的关键时期,初中生问题解决能力的高低,不仅影响学业成绩,也影响着个人终身学习能力与未来发展。调研发现,目前我国初中生的问题解决能力总体偏低的现状,正在日益严重地影响基础教育质量,如何提高初中生的问题解决能力,是初中教育实践中面临的难题和教育研究者关注的热点问题。思维导图在培养学习者的问题解决能力方面具有理清知识间的内在联系、理清解题思路等优势。因此,本研究为了提高初中生的问题解决能力,以数学学科为依托,设计了基于思维导图培养初中生问题解决能力的课程并在初一年级进行教学实施。本研究首先通过文献研究法梳理初中生问题解决能力的研究现状,以建构主义学习理论、情景学习理论、课程设计理论、教育目标分类理论以及教学系统设计理论对基于思维导图培养初中生问题解决能力的课程设计与实施提供指导。其次,结合文献研究和初中生问卷调查的结果分析初中生对问题解决能力提升课程的需求,针对初中生理解问题不到位、分析问题能力不足、解决问题缺少思路、反思解决方案能力弱以及交流能力欠缺等问题,以思维导图为辅助工具,确立以提高初中生问题解决能力为课程目标,设计出“理解问题能力训练”、“分析问题能力训练”、“解决问题能力训练”、“反思交流解决方案”等四个模块的内容,通过创设真实情境,引导学生理解问题、问题启发策略,帮助学生分析问题、强化计算与推理,提高解决问题能力以及反思交流策略组织课程内容。最后,实施基于思维导图培养初中生问题解决能力的课程,采用档案袋评价、初中生问题解决能力调查问卷以及师生访谈等方式进行课程评价并得出研究结论。通过对基于思维导图培养初中生问题解决能力课程的教学实践结果分析发现,学习了该课程的初中生,在理解问题的准确性、分析问题的关键信息、解决问题的思路、反思解决方案的可行性、交流问题的有效性等方面的问题解决能力有所增强。本研究对于促进初中生问题解决能力具有积极作用,基于思维导图培养初中生问题解决能力的课程,具有一定的推广应用价值。由于主客观条件的制约,该课程还比较粗糙,未来将进一步修改与完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of science and technology and the intensification of international competition,the future society will be more complex and uncertain.In order to adapt to and effectively cope with the challenges of the future society,individuals must have good problem-solving ability.Junior high school is the key period for the formation of individual problem-solving ability.The level of junior high school students’ problem-solving ability not only affects their academic performance,but also affects their lifelong learning ability and future development.The survey found that the current situation of low problem-solving ability of junior high school students in China is increasingly seriously affecting the quality of basic education.How to improve the problem-solving ability of junior high school students is a difficult problem in the practice of junior high school education and a hot issue concerned by education researchers.Mind map has the advantages of clarifying the internal relationship between knowledge and problem-solving ideas in cultivating learners’ problem-solving ability.Therefore,in order to improve the problem-solving ability of junior high school students,based on the mathematics discipline,this study designed a course based on mind map to cultivate the problem-solving ability of junior high school students,and implemented it in the first grade of junior high school.This study first combs the research status of junior high school students’ problem-solving ability through literature research method,and provides guidance for the curriculum design and implementation of cultivating junior high school students’ problem-solving ability based on mind map with constructivist learning theory,situational learning theory,curriculum design theory,educational goal classification theory and teaching system design theory.Secondly,combined with the results of literature research and questionnaire survey of junior high school students,this paper analyzes the needs of junior high school students for the course of problem-solving ability improvement.Aiming at the problems of junior high school students’ inadequate understanding of problems,insufficient ability to analyze problems,lack of ideas to solve problems,weak ability to reflect on solutions and lack of communication ability,this paper uses mind map as an auxiliary tool to establish the curriculum to improve junior high school students’ problem-solving ability force is the goal of the course,and four modules are designed,including "ability training of understanding problems","ability training of analyzing problems","ability training of solving problems" and "solutions of reflection and communication".By creating real situations,students are guided to understand problems and inspire strategies to help them analyze problems,strengthen calculation and reasoning,and improve their ability of solving problems and reflection communication strategies organize course content.Finally,the curriculum of cultivating junior high school students’ problem-solving ability based on mind map is implemented.Portfolio evaluation,junior high school students’ problem-solving ability questionnaire and teacher-student interviews are used to evaluate the curriculum and draw research conclusions.Through the analysis of the teaching practice of the course of cultivating junior high school students’ problem-solving ability based on mind map,it is found that the junior high school students who have studied the course have enhanced their problem-solving ability in understanding the accuracy of problems,analyzing the key information of problems,solving ideas,reflecting the feasibility of solutions,and the effectiveness of communication problems.This study plays a positive role in promoting junior high school students’ problem-solving ability.The course of cultivating junior high school students’ problem-solving ability based on mind map has a certain application value.Due to the constraints of subjective and objective conditions,the course is still relatively rough,and will be further modified and improved in the future.更多还原