【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 马建兵； 秦艳；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 信用作为现代市场经济中至关重要的一个组成部分,其状态不仅关乎着一个企业能够正常进行市场交易,更关乎着企业的长远发展。企业信用既是为企业与社会创造价值的一种无形财产,为企业不断地发展壮大提供坚实基础。同时也是市场经济的基本道德原则,是现代信用经济发展的基本要素。商事制度改革为我国市场发展注入了新的活力,但也在同时暴露出其他问题。企业“一处失信,处处受限”,而信用修复却解决无门,失信企业难免会陷入一种从到限制发展再到失信的一种恶性循环,市场经营活动变得举步维艰。在信用联合奖惩格局逐渐形成并快速发展的背景下,面对日益迫切的信用修复社会需求,信用修复机制的探索与建立被我国提上日程。如何更好地完善我国企业信用修复法律制度在近年来逐渐进入人们的关注之中,如何更好地从多角度、多方面去规范企业的信用修复是现阶段面临的重要难题。本文通过整理各学者对企业信用修复基本概念、意义、产生的问题及对策的不同观点,运用比较分析等研究方法来分析如何更好地实现我国失信企业的信用修复目的。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分,首先将企业信用修复法律制度逐一拆分为企业信用、企业信用修复以及企业信用修复法律制度并分别介绍其基本概念,紧接着通过分析我国企业信用修复法律制度的特征,即规范性、救济性、行政主导性以及规范形式多样性,并从企业自身、营商环境以及整个社会的角度分析我国企业信用修复法律制度的价值,进而建立起关于信用修复法律制度的理论框架。第二部分,考察我国现行企业信用修复法律制度的相关立法与规范。目前我国尚未从宏观层面制定单独信用修复立法,对企业信用修复工作大多依靠中央层面的指导意见以及地方层面的管理办法或条例。结合制度实践情况来看,行政机关的主动性得到了充分的发挥,能够从多角度为失信企业提供修复机会,促进信用修复效率的提高,支持企业恢复生产,同时为信用体系建设贡献力量,企业信用修复法律制度取得了不俗的成效。第三部分,综合分析上述对现行法律制度的梳理以及实践情况,我国企业信用修复法律制度尚存在诸多不足。不难看出,现阶段企业信用修复相关立法层次较低,缺乏中央立法的规制导致信用修复依据缺乏稳定性与权威性,而现行法律法规整体协调性不足,修复结果难以互认。企业信用修复的方式与标准尚不规范,单一的修复方式与不同失信严重程度企业需求不相适配,修复适用标准不统一而引发的各地方对修复结果争议较大。另外,还欠缺对整个信用修复过程的监督,因为疏于对第三方信用修复机构的监管,使得信用修复的成本被恶意提高;因为疏于对信用修复参与主体的监督,致使信用修复缺乏公信力。与此同时,对企业信用修复保障机制也未健全,信用惩戒滥用导致信用修复困难;修复的信息公示、信用共享不充分而产生的各渠道或各部门对修复结果不知情等诸多现象。完善我国企业信用修复法律制度迫在眉睫。第四部分,依据上述制度实践中所暴露出的问题提出相对应的解决路径。首先,完善我国企业信用修复法律制度离不开宏观层面的权威性立法支持,提高立法的体系性与协调性,以保障企业信用修复法律依据的稳定性。其次,规范信用修复的方式、范围等基本条件,确保修复的有序进行。信用修复不单单依靠企业自身,更要充分发挥行政机关在企业信用修复中的作用。在确保企业信用修复顺利进行的同时,更要加强对信用修复监管,严格规范市场化第三方机构在信用修复中的权利,在促进信用机构与行政机关合作的同时,要约束好机构的权限范围。对恢复信用的企业更要做好事后监督,以确保信用修复的有效性。最后,要加强对信用修复的保障,促进各部门之间的信用信息共享,提高对信用修复结果的认同度,积极引导失信企业开展信用修复,发挥专门机构的积极作用,最终形成完整的企业信用修复法律制度,强化信用的正向激励效果,推进我国信用体系建设发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Credit is a very important part of modern market economy,its status is not only related to the normal market transactions of an enterprise,but also related to the long-term development of the enterprise.Enterprise credit is not only a kind of intangible property that creates value for enterprises and society,but also provides a solid foundation for the continuous development and expansion of enterprises.It is also the basic moral principle of the market economy and the basic element of the development of modern credit economy.The reform of commercial system has injected new vitality into the development of China’s market,but it also exposes other problems at the same time.Enterprises "a broken trust,everywhere restricted",and credit repair is no way to solve,faithless enterprises will inevitably fall into a vicious circle from the restriction of development to the broken trust,market business activities become difficult.Under the background of the gradual formation and rapid development of the credit combination reward and punishment pattern,facing the increasingly urgent social demand for credit repair,the exploration and establishment of credit repair mechanism has been put on the agenda in China.In recent years,how to better improve the legal system of enterprise credit repair in China has gradually come into people’s attention.How to better regulate enterprise credit repair from multiple angles and aspects is an important problem facing us at this stage.By sorting out different viewpoints of scholars on the basic concept,significance,problems and countermeasures of enterprise credit repair,this paper uses comparative analysis and other research methods to analyze how to better achieve the purpose of credit repair of China’s trust-breaking enterprises.This paper is mainly divided into four parts:The first part,first of all,the legal system of enterprise credit repair one by one break up for the enterprise credit,enterprise credit repair as well as the legal system of enterprise credit repair and respectively introduces the basic concept,then by analyzing the characteristic of the legal system of our country enterprise credit repair,namely,normative,relief,administrative dominance and diversity of canonical form,And from the perspective of enterprise itself,business environment and the whole society,it analyzes the value of the legal system of enterprise credit repair in China,and then establishes the theoretical framework of the legal system of enterprise credit repair.The second part investigates the relevant legislation and norms of the current legal system of enterprise credit repair in China.At present,China has not formulated separate credit repair legislation from the macro level,and the credit repair work of enterprises mostly relies on the guidance of the central level and the management measures or regulations at the local level.From the perspective of institutional practice,the initiative of administrative organs has been fully exerted,which can provide repair opportunities for trust-breaking enterprises from multiple perspectives,promote the improvement of credit repair efficiency,support enterprises to resume production,and contribute to the construction of credit system at the same time.The legal system of enterprise credit repair has achieved remarkable results.In the third part,a comprehensive analysis of the above existing legal system and the practice shows that there are still many deficiencies in the legal system of enterprise credit repair in China.It is not difficult to see that at the present stage,the legislative level of enterprise credit repair is relatively low,and the lack of central legislation leads to the lack of stability and authority of credit repair basis,while the overall coordination of existing laws and regulations is insufficient,and the repair results are difficult to recognize each other.The methods and standards of enterprise credit repair are not standardized yet,and a single repair method is not suitable for the needs of enterprises with different degrees of credibility breaking.There is a great controversy over the repair results in various places caused by the disunity of the applicable standards for repair.In addition,there is also a lack of supervision over the whole credit repair process.Because of the lack of supervision over third-party credit repair agencies,the cost of credit repair is maliciously increased.Because of the lack of supervision on the participants of credit repair,credit repair lacks credibility.At the same time,the guarantee mechanism of enterprise credit repair is not perfect,and the abuse of credit punishment leads to the difficulty of credit repair.There are many phenomena,such as inadequate disclosure of repair information and insufficient credit sharing,resulting in the ignorance of various channels or departments to repair results.It is extremely urgent to perfect the legal system of credit repair of Chinese enterprises.The fourth part,according to the above system practice exposed problems put forward the corresponding solution path.First of all,the improvement of the legal system of enterprise credit repair in China is inseparable from the authoritative legislative support at the macro level,so as to improve the system and coordination of legislation,so as to guarantee the stability of the legal basis of enterprise credit repair.Secondly,the basic conditions such as the way and scope of credit repair should be standardized to ensure the orderly progress of the repair.Credit repair not only depends on the enterprise itself,but also should give full play to the role of administrative organs in enterprise credit repair.While ensuring the smooth progress of enterprise credit repair,it is more important to strengthen the supervision of credit repair,strictly regulate the rights of market-oriented third-party institutions in credit repair,and properly restrict the scope of authority of institutions while promoting the cooperation between credit institutions and administrative organs.In order to ensure the effectiveness of credit repair,post-supervision should be done to the enterprises that restore credit.Finally,to strengthen the security of credit repair,promote credit information sharing between departments,improve the result of the credit repair,esteemed dishonest enterprises to actively guide credit repair,play the positive role of specialized agencies,finally formed a complete legal system of enterprise credit repair,strengthen credit positive incentive effect,promote the development of our country’s credit system construction.更多还原