【作者】 李洁；

【导师】 张继良；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 马克思责任政府思想作为马克思主义的重要组成部分,是一个亟待深入研究的课题。通过研究马克思责任政府思想的理论价值、实践价值及其在中国的实践和发展,不仅可以呈现马克思责任政府思想的本意,而且有利于促进马克思责任政府思想中国化,加快中国服务型政府建设进程。马克思立足于无产阶级和劳动人民的立场,在《共产党宣言》、《1844年经济学哲学手稿》、《1848至1850年的法兰西阶级斗争》、《法兰西内战》、《资本论》和《哥达纲领批判》等著作中提出了建立工人阶级政权和工人阶级责任政府的主张,并对于传统责任政府、资产阶级责任政府展开病理解剖与深刻批判,在揭露“虚假责任制”的基础上,阐发了无产阶级责任政府思想。马克思责任政府思想形成于对资产阶级政府的参照及其弊病的剖析、空想社会主义思潮愈发兴盛、国际共产主义运动蓬勃发展之时,但其提出和形成绝非一蹴而就,而是经历了萌芽、产生、形成与不断发展的过程。在马克思责任政府思想形成和发展过程中,着重揭露了资产阶级责任政府的虚伪性和欺骗性,并以此为基础,阐述了工人阶级责任政府的实质,是通过工人阶级和劳动人民民主选举产生自己的政府、由人民掌权、促使人的解放的政府形式,即工人阶级政府必须以无产阶级专政作为根本保证、普选制作为首要前提、责任追究制作为监督机制。同时,马克思基于巴黎公社的伟大实践,从实证的角度凝练、揭示了责任政府的本质特征:人民性;廉洁性、有效性。作为以马克思主义为指导建立起来的社会主义国家,中国政府实质上是人民政府,即为人民服务的政府。建设和完善服务型人民政府,必须遵循马克思责任政府思想,并将其作为建设服务型政府的根本指导思想。从十月革命一声炮响,马克思列宁主义在中国传播,马克思责任政府思想就传入中国,并为中国先进知识分子所接受、奉为改造中国政治的法宝,进而与中国实际相结合,在新民主主义革命实践中呈现出中国化发展态势。从工农民主政府的产生到抗日民主政府的建立,再到解放区人民政府的发展,以及人民民主专政的人民政府的诞生与发展,这也是马克思责任政府思想在中国从局部政权走向全国政权的实践过程。在各个时期,从政府和党关系,行政组织制度,干部选拔任用原则,民主、廉洁、高效的行政意识进行梳理,展现了在中国责任政府建设从新民主主义性质向社会主义性质转化的阶段性特征,体现出马克思责任政府思想的强大活力及其在中国深入实践的指导价值。基于对马克思主义责任政府思想及其在中国实践和发展的研究可知,其对于塑造中国特色社会主义服务型政府的指导意义是不言而喻的,其启示与意义主要体现在三个方面:(1)坚持马克思责任政府思想的价值取向,践行为人民服务、人民当家作主的主旨,是深刻认识中国服务型政府建设的历史性、艰巨性任务。(2)致思责任政府的本土化研究取向,深化责任政府研究和实践探索,实现马克思主义责任政府思想向服务型政府转换,应置于中国特色社会主义制度构建和完善的总体框架内,以及我国正处于社会转型的大背景中去思考。(3)聚焦中国服务型政府建设的时代境遇,开展接地气的理论研究,即在中国现实境遇之下,探讨政府应负什么责任、如何负责任以及个别政府成员不负责任怎么办等问题,从而把服务型政府建设落到实处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marx’s thought of responsible government is an important part of Marxism,and it is also a subject to be studied in depth.Through the study of the theoretical value,practical value and its practice and development in China,it can not only show the original meaning of Marxist responsibility government thought,but also promote the thought of Marxist responsible government to be Chinese and accelerate the construction process of China’s service-oriented government.Marx,based on the position of the proletariat and the working people,put forward the proposition of establishing the working class regime and the working class responsible government in the works of the Manifesto of the Communist Party,the manuscript of economic philosophy in 1844,the French class struggle from 1848 to 1850,the French Civil War,the capital theory and the critique of the Gotha Programme,etc.and put forward the proposition of establishing the working class regime and the working class responsible government The capitalist responsible government has carried out pathological anatomy and deep criticism,and on the basis of revealing the false responsibility system,the paper expounds the proletarian responsible government thought.Marx’s thought of responsible government formed in the analysis of the reference and its disadvantages to the bourgeois government,the rise of utopian socialist thought and the vigorous development of the international communist movement.However,its proposal and formation was not achieved overnight,but experienced the process of sprouting,producing,forming and developing.In the process of Marx’s thought of responsible government,it mainly exposed the hypocrisy and deception of the bourgeois responsible government,and on the basis of which,it expounded the essence of the working class responsible government,which is the form of government which elected its own government,was controlled by the people and promoted the liberation of people through democratic election of the working class and the working people.That is,the working class government must be in the form of no one The dictatorship of the productive class is the basic guarantee,the production of universal election is the first premise,and the responsibility investigation is the supervision mechanism.At the same time,Marx,based on the great practice of Paris Commune,has condensed and revealed the essential characteristics of responsible government from the perspective of empirical:people,integrity and effectiveness.As a socialist country established under the guidance of Marxism,the Chinese government is essentially the people’s government,that is,the government serving the people.To build and perfect the service-oriented people’s government,we must follow the Marxist thought of responsible government and take it as the basic guiding ideology of building service-oriented government.From the October Revolution,Marxism Leninism spread in China,and Marx’s thought of responsible government was introduced into China,and accepted and regarded as the magic weapon of reforming Chinese politics by the advanced intellectuals.Then,it combined with the Chinese reality,and showed the trend of Chinese development in the practice of the new democratic revolution.From the emergence of the democratic government of industry and agriculture to the establishment of Anti Japanese democratic government,to the development of the people’s Government in the liberated area,and the birth and development of the people’s democratic dictatorship,this is also the practical process of Marx’s responsibility government thought from local government to national power in China,from the relationship between the government and the party,administrative organization system,cadre development principle,democracy The clean and efficient administrative consciousness is combed,showing the stage characteristics of the transformation from the new democratic nature to the socialist nature in the construction of the responsible government in China,and reflects the strong vitality of Marx’s thought of responsible government and its guiding value in China.Based on the research on Marxist responsibility government thought and its practice and development in China,it is self-evident that its guiding significance to shaping the service-oriented government with Chinese characteristics is self-evident.Its enlightenment and significance are mainly reflected in three aspects:(1)adhering to the value orientation of Marxist responsibility government thought,practicing the people service and the people as the main theme of the government is profound To understand the historic and arduous tasks of the construction of China’s service-oriented government.(2)The localization research orientation of the responsible government,deepening the research and practical exploration of the responsible government,and realizing the transformation of Marxist responsibility government thought to service-oriented government should be put into the overall framework of the construction and perfection of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics,and the background of social transformation in China.(3)Focusing on the situation of the era of China’s service-oriented government construction,the paper conducts theoretical research on grounding gas.In the current situation of China,it explores the responsibilities of the government,how to take responsibility and how to do what individual government members are not responsible for,so as to put the construction of service-oriented government into practice.更多还原