【作者】 张璐；

【导师】 汤文成； 张逸芳；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 滚动直线导轨副作为精密导向运动部件,被广泛应用在各种数控机械和自动化装备等工程领域中,相较于导轨,更需要对运行中始终承受载荷的滑块滚道表面提出更高的技术要求。目前滑块滚道面的主要加工方式是砂轮精密平面磨削,但企业在实际生产中存在磨削参数保守、磨削效率不高、磨削状态不清晰等问题。为了解决这一问题,本文以公司产品GZB45滑块为研究对象,使用氧化铝砂轮作为磨削工具,开展砂轮修整与滑块滚道表面磨削的实验研究。针对实验中需要采集的砂轮主轴振动位移和滑块振动加速度信号,在平面磨床上搭建了滑块滚道磨削过程中的振动监测系统。基于滑块滚道磨削工艺的相关理论,结合实验中滑块和砂轮的特点,采用单因素实验方法研究不同的磨削工艺参数如磨削深度、工作台进给速度和砂轮线速度等对滑块滚道表面质量的影响,并同时采集主轴的振动位移和滑块的振动加速度信号。为研究砂轮修整参数如修整进给速度、修整深度和砂轮修整线速度对砂轮形貌的影响,采用正交实验方法开展了砂轮修整实验,为进一步研究砂轮形貌对滑块表面磨削质量的影响,在保持磨削参数不变的前提下,利用不同修整工艺参数下获取的砂轮进行滑块磨削实验。之后使用3D形貌扫描仪分别提取由磨削实验得到的滑块表面形貌和砂轮修整实验得到的砂轮形貌。对不同磨削工艺参数下的滑块和主轴的振动信号进行时域和频域分析,分析磨削过程中参数的变化对主轴和滑块振动特性的影响。使用图像处理软件Gwyddion分析修改磨削参数实验中的滑块滚道表面形貌并获取其表面质量。论文创新性地将考虑砂轮振动的单磨粒磨削模型和磨削过程中主轴与砂轮的振动特性相结合,分析磨削参数和磨削中的振动对GZB45滑块磨削表面质量的影响规律。采用3D形貌仪测量不同修整工艺参数下的砂轮形貌(砂轮磨削前的3D形貌)及用于滑块滚道磨削实验后的砂轮表面形貌(砂轮磨削后的3D形貌)和滚道磨削表面形貌。使用Gwyddion软件分析滑块和砂轮的表面形貌,提取砂轮磨削前后表面磨粒高度的分布变化情况和滑块的表面粗糙度参数。利用考虑砂轮磨粒高度的单磨粒磨削模型,分析磨削过程中磨粒的磨损特征和不同修整工艺参数下砂轮对GZB45滑块表面磨削质量的影响。根据实验分析结果进行滑块滚道表面磨削工艺参数的优化,获取最优磨削参数组合,保证滑块滚道磨削表面粗糙度满足产品技术要求的同时实现磨削效率的提升。本文以不同修整参数下的砂轮磨削获得的滑块表面粗糙度作为衡量砂轮修整工艺的指标,对砂轮修整的正交试验进行方差分析,找到影响砂轮修整的最显著因素。结合方差分析结果和实际的砂轮修整过程特点,获得最优的砂轮修整参数组合。优化得到的磨削工艺参数组合和砂轮修整参数组合对企业针对GZB45型号滑块的生产具有重要指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a precision guide moving part,rolling linear guide rail pair is widely used in various engineering fields such as numerical control machinery and automation equipment.Compared with guide rails,it is more necessary to put forward higher technical requirements on the surface of slider raceway that always bears load during operation.At present,the main processing method of slider raceway surface is grinding wheel precision plane grinding,but there are some problems in actual production,such as conservative grinding parameters,low grinding efficiency,unclear grinding state and so on.In order to solve these problems,this paper takes GZB45 slider as the research object and uses alumina grinding wheel as grinding tool to carry out experimental research on grinding wheel dressing and slider raceway surface grinding.Firstly,aiming at the vibration displacement of grinding wheel spindle and vibration acceleration signals of slide block that need to be collected in the experiment,a vibration monitoring system for slide block raceway grinding process is built on a surface grinder.Based on the relevant theories of slider raceway grinding technology and the characteristics of slider and grinding wheel in the experiment,the effects of different grinding process parameters such as grinding depth,table feed speed and grinding wheel linear speed on the surface quality of slider raceway are studied by single factor experiment method.Meanwhile,vibration displacement of spindle and vibration acceleration signals of slider are collected.In order to study the influence of grinding wheel dressing parameters on grinding wheel morphology,the grinding wheel dressing experiment is carried out by orthogonal experiment method.In order to study the influence of grinding wheel morphology on the surface grinding quality of slider further,the slider grinding experiment was carried out with grinding wheels obtained under different dressing process parameters on the premise of keeping the grinding process parameters unchanged.After that,the 3D topography scanner is used to measure the slider surface topography obtained from grinding experiments and the grinding wheel topography obtained from grinding wheel dressing experiments respectively.The vibration signals of slider and spindle under different grinding process parameters are analyzed in time domain and frequency domain,and the influence of parameter changes on vibration characteristics of spindle and slider during grinding process is analyzed.Image processing software Gwyddion is used to analyze the surface morphology of slider raceway in the experiment of modifying grinding parameters and obtain its surface quality.The paper innovatively combines the single abrasive grain grinding model considering the vibration of the grinding wheel with the vibration characteristics of the spindle and the grinding wheel in the grinding process,and analyzes the influence law of grinding process parameters and vibration on the grinding surface quality.The grinding wheel topography(3D topography before grinding)under different dressing process parameters and the grinding wheel surface topography(3D topography after grinding)and the slider raceway surface topography after grinding experiments were measured by 3D profilometer.Gwyddion software is used to analyze the surface topography of the slider and the grinding wheel,and to extract the distribution and variation of the height of surface abrasive particles before and after grinding and the surface roughness parameters of the slider.Using a single abrasive grinding model considering the abrasive height of grinding wheel,the wear characteristics of abrasive particles during grinding and the influence of grinding wheel on the grinding quality of slider surface under different dressing process parameters are analyzed.According to the experimental analysis results,the grinding process parameters of the slider raceway surface are optimized,and the optimal grinding parameter combination is obtained,so that the grinding surface roughness of the slider raceway meets the technical requirements of products and the grinding efficiency is improved.In this paper,the slider surface roughness obtained by grinding wheel under different dressing parameters is used as an index to measure the dressing process of grinding wheel,and the orthogonal experiment of grinding wheel dressing is analyzed by variance analysis to find out the most significant factors affecting the dressing of grinding wheel.Based on the analysis of variance results and the actual characteristics of grinding wheel dressing process,the optimal combination of grinding wheel dressing parameters is obtained.The optimized combination of grinding process parameters and grinding wheel dressing parameters is of great guiding significance for enterprises to produce GZB45 type sliders.更多还原