【作者】 李婷；

【导师】 杨海娟；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 城市规划， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着我国对国土空间的开发利用强度持续性地增加,国土空间的合理开发利用与保护未能得到有效的重视,因此造成了生态环境不断恶化,空间发展无序、区域发展失衡、资源利用效率低下等一系列的问题,影响了我国经济的可持续发展。如何解决以上矛盾与问题,优化国土空间开发格局,为城镇建设空间、农业生产空间、生态环境保护空间的合理布局提供优化方案,构建科学高效有序的国土空间开发利用格局已成为亟需解决的重要命题。“双评价”作为构建国土空间开发格局、实施功能分区的科学基础,通过对国土空间内各类资源本底要素进行评价,梳理各类要素的约束条件,发现现状国土空间开发存在的问题与主要矛盾冲突,从而对农业生产空间、城镇建设空间、生态保护空间的开发利用方式与发展方向进行有效指导。县域国土空间规划作为我国国土空间规划承上启下的重要角色,是空间要素管控措施落地的重要规划层级。因此更加需要全面科学地评价县域尺度资源环境承载力与国土空间开发适宜性评价,做好县域国土空间综合功能分区。本文了解并掌握了国内外关于国土空间综合功能分区的研究动态,同时借鉴现有研究的理论支撑与方法,基于自然资源部2020年1月发布的《资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价指南(试行)》,确定了商州区国土空间综合功能分区的研究思路及技术路线,即“单项评价—集成评价—国土空间功能分区—矛盾冲突分析—用地调整及优化—国土空间开发格局优化”,预判符合商州区实际情况的国土空间开发利用格局。以商州区30m×30m的栅格数据为评价单元,从土地资源、水资源、环境、生态、自然灾害、区位条件六个层面构建评价指标体系,通过GIS空间分析法对各类单项要素进行评价。其次,根据各单项要素评价结果,运用相应的评价方法及路径,对商州区农业生产适宜性、城镇建设适宜性进行集成评价,并测算水资源约束下的农业生产承载规模与城镇建设承载规模。根据农业生产适宜性、城镇建设适宜性等级评价成果,依据生态优先性、主导因素性、总体一致性原则,根据相应的条件划分商州区国土空间综合功能分区。在农业生产适宜性、城镇建设适宜性、生态保护适宜性评价结果的基础上,与现状耕地与城镇建设用地进行空间叠加分析,得到商州区现状用地图斑与国土空间功能分区的矛盾与冲突。并结合农业承载规模与城镇建设规模测算结果、商州区土地整治规划、移民搬迁规划,对冲突图斑提出相应的优化调整措施。综合上述研究成果,提出商州区国土空间格局优化方向,形成对商州区生态保护与经济发展相协调的国土空间开发格局。研究结果表明:(1)农业生产适宜性评价结果得到农业适宜性评价最终结果,其中等级为适宜的国土空间面积为154.88 km~2,占商州区国土总面积的5.86%;评价结果为一般适宜的国土空间面积为663.43km~2,占商州区国土总面积的25.09%;评价结果为不适宜的国土空间面积为1812.14km~2,占商州区国土总面积的68.53%。城镇建设适宜性评价结果等级为适宜的国土空间面积为94.41 km~2,占商州区国土总面积的3.57%;评价结果为一般适宜的国土空间面积为709.07km~2,占商州区国土总面积的26.82%;评价结果为不适宜的国土空间面积为1817.64km~2,占商州区国土总面积的68.74%。商州区生态保护极重要区主要集中分布于商州区西部地区,面积683.04 km~2,主要分布于商州区的高山地区,占商州区国土总面积的25.83%。(2)商州区国土空间综合功能分区评价结果:商州区农业生产空间面积为981.82 km~2,占商州区国土总面积的37.13%;城镇建设空间面积为107.47 km~2,占商州区国土总面积的4.06%;生态保护空间面积为1554.97 km~2,占商州区国土总面积的58.81%。(3)用地矛盾分析结果及调整:根据现状耕地与城镇建设用地分别于农业生产适宜性评价结果、城镇建设适宜性评价成果进行空间叠加,得到现状耕地占农业不适宜区的面积为119.08 km~2,占现状耕地的30.02%。对其中65.91 km~2的低质量耕地进行整理;现状城镇建设用地占城镇不适宜区的面积为3.29km~2,占现状城镇用地的15.62%,对其中2.47km~2进行建设用地整理,0.82km~2的建设用地进行移民搬迁。通过上述评价结果与分析,提出商州区国土空间开发格局优化策略,农业生产空间以大荆镇、牧护关镇、腰市镇、麻街镇为主要发展片区,积极发展现代农业,培育都市休闲观光农业示范园区;城镇建设空间构建以丹江为发展轴线,城关街办、大赵峪街办为发展中心,沙河子镇、夜村镇、刘湾街办、陈塬街办为重要节点城镇的城镇国土空间开发格局,新增城镇建设用地选择现状城镇建设用地周边潜力空间进行利用和建设,符合城市土地集约节约发展的方向,同时引导优化人口与产业布局,提升丹江沿线的轴线集聚能力;生态保护空间以杨斜镇、三岔河镇、黑山镇为主要片区,在保护现有生态环境资源的基础上,发展旅游产业,带动商州区的经济发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous increase in the intensity of the development and utilization of land and space in my country,the rational development,utilization and protection of land and space have not received effective attention,which has resulted in the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment,disordered spatial development,unbalanced regional development,and resource utilization efficiency.A series of low-level problems have affected the sustainable development of our country’s economy.How to solve the above contradictions and problems,optimize the land space development pattern,provide an optimized plan for the rational layout of urban construction space,agricultural production space,and ecological environment protection space,and build a scientific,efficient and orderly land space development and utilization pattern has become an urgent need to solve Important proposition."Double evaluation" is used as the scientific basis for constructing the development pattern of land and space and implementing functional zoning.By evaluating various resource background elements in land and space,sorting out the constraints of various elements,discovering the existing problems and main problems in current land and space development Contradictions and conflicts,thereby effectively guiding the development and utilization methods and development directions of agricultural production space,urban construction space,and ecological protection space.The county territorial space planning plays an important role in the linking of my country’s territorial space planning,and is an important planning level for the implementation of spatial element control measures.Therefore,it is more necessary to comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the resource and environmental carrying capacity and the suitability of land space development at the county scale,and do a good job in the comprehensive functional zoning of the county land space.This paper understands and grasps the research trends of comprehensive functional zoning of land and space at home and abroad,and draws on the theoretical support and methods of existing research,based on the "Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity and the Suitability Evaluation of Land and Space Development" issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources in January 2020 The Guidelines(for Trial Implementation)determine the research ideas and technical routes for the comprehensive functional zoning of land and space in Shangzhou District,namely "single evaluation-integrated evaluation-land and space function zoning-conflict analysis-land use adjustment and optimization-land space development pattern optimization "To predict the pattern of land space development and utilization in line with the actual situation in Shangzhou District.Taking the raster data of30m×30m in Shangzhou District as the evaluation unit,the evaluation index system is constructed from six levels of land resources,water resources,environment,ecology,natural disasters,and location conditions,and various individual elements are analyzed through GIS spatial analysis.Evaluation.Secondly,according to the evaluation results of each individual element,the corresponding evaluation methods and paths are used to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of agricultural production and urban construction in Shangzhou District,and calculate the carrying scale of agricultural production and urban construction under the constraints of water resources.According to the evaluation results of the suitability of agricultural production and the suitability of urban construction,and the principles of ecological priority,dominant factors and overall consistency,the comprehensive functional zoning of the land and space of Shangzhou District is divided according to the corresponding conditions.The research results show that:(1)The evaluation result of agricultural production suitability obtains the final result of agricultural suitability evaluation.The land area of suitable grade is 154.88 km~2,accounting for 5.86% of the total land area of ??Shangzhou District;the evaluation result is generally suitable The land area is 663.43 km~2,accounting for 25.09% of the total land area of Shangzhou District;the evaluation result is that the land area is 1812.14 km~2,accounting for 68.53% of the total land area in Shangzhou District.The urban construction suitability evaluation result is that the suitable land area is 94.41 km~2,accounting for 3.57% of the total land area of Shangzhou District;the evaluation result is that the generally suitable land area is 709.07 km~2,accounting for 26.82 of the total land area of Shangzhou District.%;the evaluation result is that the unsuitable land area is 1817.64 km~2,accounting for 68.74% of the total land area in Shangzhou District.The most important areas for ecological protection in Shangzhou District are mainly concentrated in the western part of Shangzhou District,covering an area of ??683.04 km~2.They are mainly distributed in the high mountain areas of Shangzhou District,accounting for 25.83% of the total land area of Shangzhou District.(2)Evaluation results of comprehensive functional zoning of land space in Shangzhou District: The area of agricultural production space in Shangzhou District is 981.82 km~2,accounting for 37.13% of the total land area of Shangzhou District;the area of ??urban construction space is 107.47 km~2,accounting for the total land area of ??Shangzhou District 4.06% of the area;the ecological protection space area is 1554.97 km~2,accounting for 58.81% of the total land area of Shangzhou District.(3)Land use contradiction analysis results and adjustments: According to the current cultivated land and urban construction land,the results of the evaluation of the suitability of agricultural production and the evaluation of the suitability of urban construction are superimposed,and the current cultivated land accounts for 119.08 km~2 of agricultural unsuitable areas.It accounts for 30.02% of the current cultivated land.Reorganize the low-quality arable land of 65.91 km~2;the current urban construction land occupies 3.29 km~2 of the unsuitable urban area,accounting for 15.62% of the current urban land,of which2.47 km~2 construction land is reorganized,and 0.82 km~2 construction land is resettled move.Conclusion: Based on the above evaluation results and analysis,a strategy for optimizing the spatial development pattern of Shangzhou District is proposed.Dajing Town,Muhuguan Town,Yaoshi Town,and Majie Town are the main development areas of agricultural production space,and modern agriculture is actively developed.Cultivate urban leisure and sightseeing agricultural demonstration parks;the urban construction space is constructed with Danjiang as the development axis,Chengguan Street Office and Dazhaoyu Street Office as the development center,and Shahezi Town,Yecun Town,Liuwan Street Office and Chenyuan Street Office as satellites The urban land space development pattern of cities and towns,the newly added urban construction land selects the potential space surrounding the current urban construction land for use and construction,which is in line with the direction of urban land intensive and economical development,while guiding the optimization of population and industrial layout,and enhancing the axis concentration along the Danjiang River Capacity: The ecological protection space takes Yangxie Town,Sanchahe Town,and Heishan Town as the main areas.On the basis of protecting the existing ecological environment resources,develop the tourism industry and drive the economic development of Shangzhou District.更多还原