【作者】 张旋；

【导师】 吴理财；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在农村老龄化程度不断加深的背景下,所呈现出的“老龄人口女性化”特征使得农村老年丧偶女性的生存问题成为一项重要的政策与社会问题,亟需政府主导下多元力量的责任承担。本文以G村老年丧偶女性为观察对象,试图以女性主义正义观为理论基础,从再分配、承认、参与权利等维度理解农村老年丧偶女性的自我认知与日常生活的活动图式,检视这一弱势群体正义缺失的实践情状,探究背后蕴含的村庄社会秩序及家庭权力结构的型塑机制。从透视微观权力关系的控制与排斥角度解释老年丧偶女性地位的生成,从正义的视角找回对农村老年丧偶女性的关怀,进而将民生与养老工作提升到实现乡村社会治理正义的高度。研究发现,农村老年丧偶女性对自我的认知持一种消极否定的态度,缺乏自我效能感,主动把自己归为弱势群体,倾向于将自己封闭起来,构筑起与外部世界的边界,进而陷入“经济—政治—文化”复合型边缘境地之中,生存样态十分脆弱。面对尴尬处境,农村老年丧偶女性采取了相对积极的“反思性监控策略”,力图寻求个体价值,重新建构起自我认同。在G村,农村老年丧偶女性日常生活的意义嵌入主要体现在几个方面:自我认同与家庭纯粹关系相连结,找回代际支持和精神慰藉;通过宗教信仰为子女“祈福”和通过广场舞等活动彰显自我价值;通过自我劳动创造生活资料增强自主性,摆脱依附从属地位。但是,自我生活意义的追寻与社会结构的变迁存在着巨大的张力。这种张力决定了农村老年丧偶女性采取的反思性监控策略是有限度的,自我认同的建构带有生存性而非发展性色彩。从女性主义正义理论审视这一困境,可以认为,正是社会结构变迁中多维正义的缺失与承认的被漠视,再生产出农村老年丧偶女性的排斥感与边缘地位。国家制度、家庭政治与村落文化的非正义形成的一种稳定伤害机制与生活意义的追寻存在张力,消解了农村老年丧偶女性的主体性和我效能感,自我认同呈现碎片化的倾向。如何弥合这种张力成为乡村治理中亟待解决的正义问题。因此,应注重找回日常生活的正义,体现日常实践与正义尺度的统一。构建“再分配、承认、生活政治”三维正义框架,落脚于农村老年丧偶女性的自我认同与尊严价值实现,增强老年丧偶女性的主体性和效能感,增进民生福祉,保障农村老年丧偶女性安享晚年生活。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the deepening of rural aging,the characteristics of "elderly population feminization" make the survival of elderly widowed women in rural areas become an important policy and social issue,which needs to be undertaken by multiple forces under the leadership of the government.Taking the elderly widowed women in G village as the object of observation,this paper attempts to understand the self-cognition and behavior patterns of rural elderly widowed women from the dimensions of redistribution,recognition and participation from the perspective of feminist justice theory.Examine the practical situation of this disadvantaged group’s lack of justice,and explores the shaping mechanism of village social and family power structure behind them.It explains the generation of the status of elderly widowed women from the perspective of the control and exclusion of power relations,retrieves the care from the perspective of justice,and promotes the work of people’s livelihood and pension work to the height of realizing the justice of rural social governance.The study found that the rural elderly widowed women hold a negative attitude towards their self-awareness,actively classify themselves as vulnerable groups,and tend to close themselves up,build a boundary with the external world,and then fall into the compound edge of "economy-politics-culture".The living state is very fragile.Therefore,they adopt a relatively active "reflective monitoring strategy" to seek individual value and construct self-identity.In G village,the meaning embedding of their daily life is mainly reflected in several aspects:self-identity and family pure relationship are connected,and intergenerational support and spiritual comfort are recovered;Through religious beliefs for children ’blessing’ and through square dance and other activities to highlight self-worth;Create means of life through self-work to enhance autonomy,get rid of dependency status.However,there is a huge tension between the pursuit of self-meaning and the change of rural social structure.This tension determines that the reflective monitoring strategy adopted by rural elderly widowed women is limited,and the construction of self-identity is existential rather than developmental.Examining this dilemma from the perspective of feminist justice theory,it can be considered that it is the lack of multidimensional justice and the ignorance of recognition in the change of social structure that reproduces the sense of exclusion and marginal status of rural elderly widowed women.The injustice of the state system,family politics,and village culture formed a stable injury mechanism and there is tension with the pursuit of the meaning of life,which dispelled the subjectivity and self-efficacy of rural elderly widowed women.Self-identity shows a tendency of fragmentation.How to bridge this tension has become an urgent justice problem in rural governance.Therefore,we should focus on retrieving the justice of daily life,reflect the unity of daily practice and justice scale.The three-dimensional justice framework of "redistribution,recognition and life politics" should be constructed,which is based on the self-worth and dignity identity of rural elderly widowed women,enhances the subjectivity and efficacy,and ensures that rural elderly widowed women enjoy their old life.更多还原