【作者】 杨颖；

【导师】 刘东虹；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 决策型论辩话语指的是谈话者根据一定标准对存在的问题进行批判性探讨从而找出问题的最优解。这种话语经常见于医疗语境和家庭语境中,前者往往涉及手术方案的决策,后者则见于家庭活动的计划。在论辩过程中,双方选择哪样的话题以达到最好的决策效果值得探究。但医疗语境制度性较强,家庭语境不受制度性约束。从宏观层面看,不同语境下决策型论辩话语的话题潜能可能存在差异。本文基于詹姆斯·保罗·吉的语言构建理论,将话题类型归为实践/活动类、身份类、政治类、关系类、联系类和意义类,符号与知识系统类这七类,从语用论辩的视角下探讨家庭和医疗论辩话语在论辩阶段话题选择的相似和差异性,并从多角度解释造成这些相似和差异的原因。两种语境中话题类型的具体表现内容和分布特征是本文的主要探究点。研究问题为:(1)在论辩阶段,医疗决策型论辩话语和家庭决策型论辩话语中不同话题类型下的具体内容有哪些?(2)话题类型的分布有哪些相似和差异?研究方法采用定量研究和定性研究。定量研究用于探究不同话题类型的分布特征;定性研究用于分析、描述不同话题类型的具体内容。家庭话语和医疗话语分别来自美国情景剧《摩登家庭》和《实习医生格蕾》。语料虽然取自于电视剧,但高度贴近生活。本文选取25则医疗语境下决策型论辩话语和25则家庭语境下决策型论辩话语为样本,先用语用论辩理论框架分析话语的论辩阶段,再用语言构建理论标注语料,接着运用卡方检验对统计结果进行差异显著性检验,最后对结果进行解释与分析。定性研究发现,医疗语境中,实践/活动类反映在医生对手术方案的决策、实施过程中对医疗知识的讲解和运用,在家庭语境中则指向父母对家庭成员活动的讨论与决策;身份类涉及医生职业身份和病人的患者身份,在家庭语境中则指向家庭成员身份;政治类指向医生的工作价值与职业道德,家庭语境中则指向社会规约与道德;关系类话题指向医患关系,家庭语境中则指向亲人之间的关系;在两种语境中,联系类话题均为用于举证的个人经验;意义类指向病人的病情严重程度,手术风险大小;而家庭语境中指向孩子的情感。定量研究发现,两种语境下决策型论辩话语实践/活动类和政治类使用均最多。卡方检验结果表明实践/活动类和关系类话题的数量分布具有显著性差异,医疗语境中的实践/活动类显著多于家庭语境,而关系类显著低于后者。该研究主要从活动类型、论辩发生的语境、说话者社会角色这三方面对结果进行讨论。本研究指出在语用论辩中活动类型、语境和说话者身份是论辩双方对话题潜能这一策略选择的影响因素,因此对研究不同语境中的策略操控具有理论意义。同时该研究丰富了语用论辩学相关的定量研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Decision-making argumentative discourse refers to the interlocutor’s critical discussion of existing problems according to certain standards to find the optimal solution to the problem.This kind of discourse is often found out in medical domain and family domain.The former often involves the decision-making of the surgical plan,and the latter is present in the planning of family activities.In the argumentation stage,which topic the two sides choose to achieve the best decision-making effect is worth exploring.However,medical argumentation is relatively institutionalized while family argumentation is not subject to institutional conditions.There may be differences in topical potential in the argumentation stage in two domains on the macro-level.Based on James Paul Gee’s theory of the "seven building tasks" of language,this dissertation divides different types of topics into practice(activity),identity,politics,relationship,connection,and significance,sign system and knowledge and explores the similarities and differences of topical potential in the argumentation stage in family and medical domains.Reasons accounting for the similarities and differences from multiple perspectives are given and discussed.The specific subjects of and the distribution of different types of topics in the two domains are the main research purposes.The research questions are as follows:(1)what topics are in the argumentative conversations of decision-making in family and medical domains?(2)What are the similarities and differences in the distribution of different types of topics?Qualitative analysis is carried out to find specific subjects under different types of topics used in the argumentation stage in the two domains.Family discourses and medical discourses come from American sitcoms Modern Family and Grey the Intern respectively.Although argumentative dialogues are taken from the two sitcoms,they are highly close to real-life communication.Quantitative analysis is employed to discover the distribution of each type of topics.Types of topics in the two corpora are annotated based on theoretical framework first and then significant difference of each type is examined via Chi-square test.Discussions are given according to the results.Research shows practice(activity)type of topic is demonstrated from the decision-making and implementation of medical treatment and notification of medical matters in medical domain while the behaviors and choices on family activities in family domain;identity deals with the identity of doctors and patients in medical domain while the identity of parents and children in family domain;politics concerns doctors’ value and morality in medical domain but code of conduct in society and social values in in family domain;relationship lies in the doctor-patient relationship in medical domain while parent-child relationship in family domain;connection refers to personal experiences in both domains;significance refers to topics portrayed as important such as patients’health condition in medical domain while children’s emotion in family domain.Quantitative research has shown that practice(activity)and politics type of topics are used most in the two domains.The chi-square test results show that there is a significant difference in the distribution of practice(activity)type and relationship type in the two domains with the number of practice(activity)type higher and relationship type lower than those in family domain.Discussions are made in terms of three aspects:activity type,communicative domain and interlocutors’ social roles.This study points out that activity type,argumentative domain,and interlocutors’social role in the two domains are the factors that influence the strategic choice of topical potential by interlocutors.Therefore,it has theoretical significance for the study of strategic maneuvers in different contexts.At the same time,the research has enriched the quantitative research related to the pragma-dialectics.更多还原