【作者】 张楠；

【导师】 张凯； 许咏梅；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 棉花是一种很重要的经济作物。生产实践中由于农民施肥不合理,使其土壤板结严重,磷肥利用率低,过量施用磷肥不仅造成资源浪费,还可能产生环境污染风险。而生物炭具有一定的保水保肥的能力和改良土壤物理结构的功能,但是否能通过生物炭的添加实现棉花减肥增效,需要科学数据给与回答。因此本文采用大田试验,通过施用不同的磷肥的基础上设置生物炭添加和对照,对土壤速效磷、植株磷吸收和分配、籽棉产量和磷肥利用进行测算,研究不同量的磷肥施入生物炭对土壤磷素有效性和棉花磷吸收的影响,为新疆棉田减磷增效和磷素可持续管理提供科学依据。主要结果如下:（1）连续2年持续施用,通过采样分析可知棉田土壤速效磷含量表现为随施磷量的增加土壤速效磷含量逐渐增加或先升高后降低的趋势;添加生物炭的处理土壤速效磷含量整体高于未添加生物炭的处理。（2）植株累积吸磷量整个生育期植株累积吸磷量表现出增加的趋势;不同生育期植株累积吸磷量表现为添加生物炭处理整体高于未添加生物炭处理。（3）不添加生物炭处理,2019年和2020年籽棉产量随施磷量增加表现出增加趋势;而在添加生物炭处理,籽棉产量随施磷量增加表现出先增加后降低的趋势。（4）磷肥利用率表现出随施磷量增加而先增加后降低趋势;添加生物炭提高了磷肥利用率。（5）磷素盈余量随施磷量的增加呈现增加的趋势,添加生物炭处理,在施磷量50 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2,棉田磷素收支开始出现盈余,盈余量为46.82 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2。总之,连续2年施用认为施磷量配施生物炭促进了棉田土壤速效磷含量、棉花磷素吸收和产量、磷肥利用率和棉田磷素收支平衡的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cotton is a very important economic crop.In the production practice,because of the unreasonable fertilization,the soil is hard and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is low,the excessive application of phosphate fertilizer not only wastes resources,but also may cause the risk of environmental pollution.Long-term heavy application seriously causes soil hardening and reduces its production.Biochar has the ability of water and fertilizer preservation and the function of improving the physical structure of loam,but whether the addition of biochar can achieve weight loss and efficiency improvement of cotton needs to be answered by scientific data.Therefore,field experiments were adopted in this paper to estimate soil available P,plant P absorption and distribution,seed cotton yield and P fertilizer utilization by setting biochar addition and control on the basis of applying different P fertilizers.To study the effects of biochar applied with different amounts of phosphorus on soil phosphorus availability and cotton phosphorus uptake.It provides scientific basis for phosphorus reduction and efficiency improvement and sustainable phosphorus management in cotton field in Xinjiang.The main results are as follows:（1）After two consecutive years of continuous application,the soil available P content in cotton field showed a trend of gradually increasing or first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the amount of P application.The content of soil available P in the treatment with added biochar was higher than that without added biochar.（2）The cumulative phosphorus uptake showed an increasing trend during the whole growth period.The cumulative phosphorus uptake of plants at different growth stages was higher in the treatment with biochar than in the treatment without biochar.（3）Without biochar treatment,the seed cotton yield in 2019 and 2020 showed an increasing trend with the increase of phosphorus application.However,with the addition of biochar,the seed cotton yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of phosphorus application rate.（4）The P utilization rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of P application rate.The addition of biochar improved the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer.（5）Under the treatment of biochar,P budget in cotton field began to appear surplus when P application amount was 50 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2,and the surplus amount was 46.82 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2.In conclusion,two consecutive years of application of biochar in combination with P application rate can promote soil available P content,cotton P absorption and yield,P utilization rate and P budget balance.更多还原