音乐游戏对视觉障碍儿童盲态行为影响的个案研究

【作者】 张坤；

【导师】 王庭照；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 视觉障碍儿童由于双眼视力障碍或视野缩小,无法像正常儿童一样顺利地工作、学习或从事其他活动。部分视觉障碍儿童存在较为严重的盲态行为,这些异常姿势如果不加以矫正和克服,除了不美观之外,长期下去他们的肌肉、骨骼也会随之变形,这对视觉障碍儿童的成长和发展造成不利影响。因此,对视觉障碍儿童的盲态行为进行有效的干预是我们应该关注和解决的重要课题。音乐游戏是一种将音乐和游戏融合起来的一种教育活动。对于视觉障碍儿童而言,由于视觉缺失或损伤使得他们在听觉注意和听觉记忆方面较正常儿童更为敏锐,音乐是对他们进行教育的最佳载体,在音乐游戏活动中通过感受音乐旋律的起伏和变化,锻炼儿童的肢体运动能力与协调能力,从而在音乐的帮助下解决盲态的问题。国外关于视觉障碍儿童的运动能力和肢体动作发展干预研究众多,且近些年发展迅速。这些研究发现:音乐对改善视觉障碍儿童的社会交往、动作、情绪等方面都有积极作用。相比之下,国内相关研究较为匮乏。因此,本研究试图通过音乐游戏来改善和控制视觉障碍儿童的盲态行为,以促进他们身体以及生活的良好发展。研究采用单一被试研究中的A-B-A研究设计,以视觉障碍儿童的典型盲态行为作为目标行为,分别对3名8-9岁有明显盲态问题的视觉障碍儿童在基线期、干预期和维持期三个阶段不同盲态行为发生的时长或频次进行评估,探究音乐游戏对视觉障碍盲态行为的影响。自变量为基于音乐游戏的教学活动设计,因变量为3名被试各自典型盲态行为的时长或发生频次,将实验结果绘制成折线图,并运用目视分析法对图中的数据资料进行分析,再通过C统计、效果量以及重叠率进行数据的分析,旨在探讨音乐游戏对3名视觉障碍儿童各自盲态行为的干预作用和维持效果,同时通过访谈对结果进行了进一步验证。经过对三名视觉障碍儿童的行为观察数据结果进行分析后,得到如下结论:首先,音乐游戏对视觉障碍儿童的盲态行为有不同程度的改善作用,并都在短期内得到良好的维持和提高,其中对视觉障碍儿童原地拧动身体转圈的盲态行为有改善作用,但维持效果因人而异。同时,音乐游戏对视觉障碍儿童戳、按压眼球的盲态行为有一定的改善作用,但维持效果不佳。音乐游戏对视觉障碍儿童前后摇摆、左右摇晃身体、兴奋时踮脚尖和兴奋时在面前晃动手指的盲态行为有改善作用,并达到了不同程度的维持效果。此外,视觉障碍儿童在音乐游戏课程干预期间情绪大多积极,在控制力、肢体动作、语言、想象、注意力以及听从指令等方面有所改善。总之,音乐游戏对视觉障碍儿童不同盲态行为的改善都有一定的效果,但是这个效果存在个体差异,对其维持效果以及在控制力、语言、情绪等其他方面的改善效果未来仍需进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Visually impaired children cannot work,study or engage in other activities as smoothly as normal children due to binocular vision impairment or reduced vision.Some visually impaired children have more serious blindisms.If these abnormal postures are not corrected and overcome,in addition to being unsightly,their muscles and bones will also be deformed in the long term,which is important for the growth and development of visually impaired children.Cause adverse effects.Therefore,effective intervention of blind behavior of visually impaired children is an important issue that we should pay attention to and solve.Music games are an educational activity that combines music and games.For visually impaired children,due to lack of vision or impairment,they are more sensitive to auditory attention and auditory memory than normal children.Music is performed on them.The best carrier for education is to exercise children’s physical motor ability and coordination ability by feeling the ups and downs and changes of music melody in music game activities,so as to solve the problem of blindness with the help of music.There are many foreign researches on the development of visually impaired children’s motor ability and body movement development intervention,and they have developed rapidly in recent years.These studies have found that music has a positive effect on improving the social interaction,movement,mood and other aspects of visually impaired children.In contrast,domestic related research is relatively scarce.Therefore,this study attempts to improve and control the blind behavior of visually impaired children through music games to promote their physical and life development.The study adopted the ABA research design in a single-subject study.The typical blind behavior of visually impaired children was used as the target behavior.Three visually impaired children aged 8-9 with obvious blindness were evaluated during the baseline period,intervention expectations,and maintenance.The duration or frequency of different blindisms in the three stages of the period was evaluated,and the influence of music games on blindisms with visual impairment was explored.The independent variable is designed for teaching activities based on music games,and the dependent variable is the duration or frequency of each of the three subjects’ typical blindisms.The experimental results are plotted as a line graph,and the data in the graph are analyzed by visual analysis.The analysis,the analysis of the data through C statistics,the amount of effect and the overlap rate,aims to explore the intervention and maintenance effects of music games on the blind behavior of 3 visually impaired children.At the same time,the results were further verified through interviews.After analyzing the behavior observation data results of three visually impaired children,the following conclusions are drawn:First,music games can improve the blind behavior of visually impaired children to varying degrees,and they have all been well maintained and improved in a short period of time.,Which can improve the blind behavior of visually impaired children by turning their bodies in circles,but the maintenance effect varies from person to person.At the same time,music games can improve the blind behavior of visually impaired children by poking and pressing the eyeballs,but the maintenance effect is not good.Musical games can improve the blind behavior of visually impaired children swinging back and forth,shaking their bodies left and right,tiptoeing when excited,and shaking their fingers in front of them when excited,and achieve different levels of maintenance effects.In addition,visually impaired children were mostly emotional during the intervention of the music game course,and improved in control,body movements,language,imagination,attention,and obedience to instructions.In short,music games have a certain effect on the improvement of different blindisms of visually impaired children,but there are individual differences in this effect,and its maintenance effect and the improvement effect in other aspects such as control,language,emotion and so on need to be further studied in the future.更多还原