【作者】 李明泽；

【导师】 李楠；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨商业大学 ， 法学理论， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 人工智能体是载体与人工智能系统相结合的智能机器,具有区别于其它普通物品的智能性、人工性与目的性。在人工智能体不断逼近人类智力水平甚至超越人类的背景下,许多国家纷纷在实践中肯定或者默认了部分高级人工智能体的主体地位,国内学者在理论上也予以肯定说的回应。人工智能体已经在实践和理论上对法律主体地位发起了挑战。人工智能体是否具备法律主体地位应当考虑人工智能体是否满足法律主体的构成要素。法律主体作为法律上能够享有权利履行义务的资格,是人的理性价值与法律责任能力的法律抽象。现发展阶段的人工智能体还处在弱人工智能发展期,虽然具有一定的人的思维能力与自主性,但仍无法达到理性价值的要求,同时人工智能体无法拥有属于自己的那一份独立财产,也不能体会到法律的惩罚性,不具有承担法律上责任的能力,无法天然获得法律上的主体地位。从法律拟制的角度来看,人工智能也不似法人那样具有独立的意思表示与财产,没有必须通过法律拟制赋予法律人格达到聚集和创造社会财富的社会需要,故而也不能以法律拟制手段实现人工智能体的法律主体地位。但是人工智能体满足法律客体的实体性、稀缺性、价值性与可支配性,赋予客体地位也有利于维护法律秩序的稳定和更加便利的处理涉及人工智能体的法律问题,所以应当在立法上确立人工智能体作为权利客体的法律地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificial intelligence body is an intelligent machine combining carrier and artificial intelligence system,which is different from other ordinary objects in intelligence,artificiality and purpose.In the context of artificial intelligence body approaching the level of human intelligence or even surpassing human beings,many countries have affirmed or acquiesced in the main position of some advanced artificial intelligence bodies in practice,and domestic scholars have responded positively in theory.Artificial intelligence has challenged the status of legal subjects in practice and theory.Whether the artificial intelligence body has the status of legal subject should consider whether the artificial intelligence body meets the elements of legal subject.As a legal subject,it is the legal ion of human’s rational value and legal liability to enjoy the right to fulfill its obligations.The current stage of development of artificial intelligence body is still in the development period of weak artificial intelligence,although it has a certain degree of human thinking ability and autonomy,but still can not meet the requirements of rational value,while artificial intelligence body can not have their own independent property,can not appreciate the punitive nature of the law,do not have the ability to assume legal responsibility,can not naturally obtain the legal subject status.From the point of view of legal preparation,artificial intelligence is not like legal persons with independent meaning and property,there is no need to give legal personality through legal preparation to achieve the social needs of gathering and creating social wealth,and therefore can not achieve the legal subject status of artificial intelligence body by means of legal preparation.However,artificial intelligence body satisfies the physicality,scarcity,value,and domination of legal object,and granting object status is also conducive to maintaining the stability of legal order and more convenient handling of legal problems involving artificial intelligence object,so the legal status of artificial intelligence object as the object of rights should be established in legislation.更多还原