【作者】 黄琳；

【导师】 马利军；

【作者基本信息】 广州中医药大学 ， 社会医学与卫生事业管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:本研究关注于恢复期精神分裂症患者的惯用语理解加工的影响因素,在研究一中,探究不同语义性质对精神分裂症患者理解惯用语的影响作用;在研究二中,通过词汇水平和词图水平两个实验,探讨不同任务类型是否影响精神分裂症患者的惯用语理解;在研究三中,通过眼动研究,探讨语境对精神分裂症患者理解加工惯用语的影响。方法:本研究主要为实验研究。实验研究分为三个部分。在研究一包含两个实验,实验一研究对象为符合入组标准的35名恢复期精神分裂症患者,惯用语语义性质均采用纸笔测验,语义性质评定包含对共230个惯用语评定熟悉度和可表象度。实验二的研究对象为符合入组标准的70名恢复期精神分裂症患者,在实验一的评定基础上选取的高低熟悉度、高低可表象度各20个惯用语,探讨语义倾向性对精神分裂症患者理解惯用语的影响。研究二包含两个实验,实验在严格匹配精神分裂症患者与正常组被试的惯用语的熟悉度和可表象度外,使用惯用语为刺激材料,以语义倾向性、比喻义或者字面义相关词/图作为变量,研究不同任务对精神分裂症患者对惯用语的影响。研究三使用眼动仪,记录35名符合入组标准的精分患者及71名健康对照组完成惯用语句子任务时的眼动数据,并分别对两组被试的眼动数据和行为数据进行统计分析。结果:在研究一的结果中,在正常被试和患者被试理解惯用语过程中,可表象度分数比熟悉度分数要高,且相比于患者被试,正常被试的语言测验分数要更好。在研究二在词汇任务中,患者组惯用语语义性质和相关词主效应及两者的交互作用也不具有统计学意义,且在正确率上倾向字面义的字面义相关词比比喻义相关词要高,对照组在倾向字面义和倾向比喻义惯用语条件下,对照组对比喻义相关词的判断正确率都显著高于字面义相关词。在字面义相关词条件下,对倾向字面义的惯用语判断正确率显著高于倾向比喻义的惯用语;而在比喻义相关词条件下,对倾向字面义的惯用语判断正确率显著低于倾向比喻义的惯用语。在图片任务中,患者组和对照组都在倾向字面义惯用语条件下,对字面义相关图的判断正确率显著高于比喻义相关图;在倾向比喻惯用语条件下,对比喻义相关图的判断正确率显著高于字面义相关图。在词汇任务和图片任务对比时,与正常人相比,精神分裂症患者较正常人由于语言认知功能损坏导致对惯用语的理解表现较差,表现在对惯用语理解的正确率较低,反应时较长。不同刺激材料的反应差异比较发现,患者组对图片任务反应时显著长于词汇任务的反应时,但在正确率方面图片任务高于词汇任务;对照组的正确率表现与患者组一致,但相反的是对图片任务反应时短于词汇任务。无论是哪种材料,对照组的数据都比患者组要好。患者抽象思维与记忆的功能的受损程度随着病程的增加而增加,因此呈现出病程越长、正确率越低的现象。在语境任务的行为数据显示,对照组显示出明显的比喻义倾向,而患者组组内无差异。眼动数据显示,无论是精神分裂症患者还是对照组都共同表现出的现象是:在理解字面义倾向的惯用语时更多的是借助惯用语本身,而在理解隐喻义的惯用语时需要更多地借助语境本身,且在三字惯用语区域的注视时间都显著长于语境区域。而不同的是,精神分裂症患者的差异集中在早期加工过程(TFF,FB),对照组的差异集中在晚期加工过程(FC,TVD)。结论:研究结果表明:1.精神分裂症患者的认知能力与惯用语理解能力均弱于健康对照组;2.恢复期精神分裂症患者会出现惯用语理解的具体化效应;精神分裂症理解惯用语符合非建构观点中的字面优先假说,健康对照组理解机制符合非建构观点中的整词优先假说;3.精神分裂症患者的情境整合能力受到损害,但心理表象有助于精神分裂症患者理解惯用语。4语境对精神分裂症患者理解不同语义性质的汉语三字惯用语的过程并未起到显著促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:This study focused on the understanding mechanism of idioms in patients with schizophrenia in convalescence.In Study 1,the influence of different semantic properties on the understanding of idioms in patients with schizophrenia was explored with familiarity as an independent variable.In the second study,we conducted two experiments at lexical level and lexical map level to investigate whether the Chinese idiom concretization effect occurred in the precision patients.In the third study,eye movements were used to explore whether the idiomatic externalization effect still appeared in the context of precision patients.Methods:This research is experimental research.In the results of study 1,representativeness made a greater contribution than familiarity in the process of understanding idioms by both normal subjects and patients.Compared with patients,normal subjects had better pragmatic environment and pragmatic competence.In Study 2,patients showed a significant tendency of concretization in vocabulary tasks,while the control group was consistent with the significance hypothesis.In the picture task,the patients did not show obvious concretization tendency,the control group and the normal group were consistent with the significance hypothesis,and both showed that the processing time of metaphorical correlation map was long.In the comparison of vocabulary task and picture task,compared with normal people,the understanding of idioms in schizophrenic patients is worse than that in normal people due to the damage of language cognitive function,and the correct rate of idioms understanding is lower and the reaction time is longer.The results showed that the response time of the patient group to the picture task was significantly longer than that to the vocabulary task,but the accuracy of the picture task was higher than that of the vocabulary task;The accuracy performance of the control group was consistent with that of the patient group,but on the contrary,the reaction time of the picture task was shorter than that of the vocabulary task.Mental imagery provides a great help for normal people and schizophrenic patients in processing idioms,making them easier to understand idioms.However,when dealing with picture tasks,patients need to rely on information integration of surrounding environment.and the reaction time is longer,which reflects that the situation integration ability of patients based on theory of mind is damaged,leading to the phenomenon that individuals have difficulty in processing and reasoning picture information,and need more cognitive resources to process information.Therefore,there are differences in reaction time between the word picture level of patients and control group.In the process of understanding the situation integration ability of idioms,we need to call the function of abstract thinking and memory of patients,and the degree of damage of these functions increases with the increase of the course of disease,so the longer the course of disease,the lower the accuracy rate.Results:In the results of study 1,the representation score is higher than that of familiarity in the process of understanding idioms between normal subjects and patients,and the language test score of normal subjects is better than that of the patients.In the second study,the semantic properties,the main effects of the Related words and the interaction between the two were not statistically significant in the patients group.Moreover,the literal meaning related words in the patients group were higher than those of the metaphorical ones in the correct rate.The control group tended to use the literal meaning and incline to the metaphorical idiom,The accuracy of the comparison of the relative words in the control group was significantly higher than that of literal words.Under the condition of word related to literal meaning,the accuracy rate of judging the idioms of inclined literal meaning is significantly higher than that of the idioms with inclined metaphorical meaning;Under the condition of the relative words of metaphorical meaning,the accuracy rate of judging the idioms of the literal meaning of the tendency is significantly lower than that of the idioms with the tendency to metaphorical meaning.In the picture task,the accuracy of the judgment of the literal correlation graph was significantly higher in the patients and the control group than in the metaphorical correlation graph;Under the condition of tendency to metaphorical idiom.the accuracy of comparison of household image is significantly higher than that of literal correlation graph.Compared with normal people,schizophrenics have poor understanding of idioms due to the damage of cognitive function,which is manifested in the lower accuracy and longer reaction time of the comprehension of idioms.The results showed that the response time of patients to picture task was significantly longer than that of vocabulary task,but in terms of accuracy,picture task was higher than vocabulary task;The accuracy of the control group was consistent with that of the patients,but the opposite was that the response time to picture task was shorter than that of vocabulary task.The data in the control group were better than those in the patient group,regardless of the material.The impairment of abstract thinking and memory function of patients increases with the increase of course of disease,so it shows the longer the course of disease and the lower the accuracy rate.In the context task,the behavior data showed that the control group showed a significant tendency of metaphorical meaning,while there was no difference in the patient group.Eye movement data showed that both schizophrenics and the control group showed a common phenomenon:in understanding literal idioms,they used idioms themselves more,while in understanding metaphorical idioms,they used context itself more,and the fixation time in the three character idiom area was significantly longer than that in the context area.The difference is that the difference of schizophrenia patients is concentrated in the early processing(TFF,FB),and the difference of the control group is concentrated in the late processing(FC,TVD).Conclusion:The results show that:1.The cognitive ability and idiomatic language understanding ability of schizophrenic patients are weaker than those of healthy controls;2.In convalescent schizophrenic patients,the effect of idiom comprehension is embodied;The understanding mechanism of schizophrenia was consistent with the literal priority hypothesis in the non constructive view,while the understanding mechanism of healthy control group was consistent with the whole word priority hypothesis in the non constructive view;3.The situation integration ability of schizophrenic patients is impaired,but mental image is helpful for schizophrenic patients to understand idioms.Context has no significant effect on the process of understanding Chinese three character idioms with different semantic properties.更多还原