【作者】 王丽娜；

【导师】 张锋；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 当前恶劣的生态环境问题已经成为危及人民生命财产安全的重大隐患,长期以来,我们只是侧重于救济因为环境污染、生态破坏问题导致的人身伤害与财产损失,把关注点放在人的身上,却没有注意到被污染、被破坏的生态环境自身,长此以往问题堆积,造成生态环境系统满目疮痍,人们也无法享受生态系统所提供的服务功能,当务之急是要开展对生态环境的救济与保护。因此保护生态环境公共利益是目前我国生态环境司法改革的重点所在,生态环境损害赔偿制度应运而生,经过在个别地区两年多的摸索试点,取得了有益探索后,2018年在全国全面施行开来,并出台了规范其审理的《若干规定》。那么在生态环境损害赔偿制度的实施下,如何运用司法的手段来改善生态环境损害的状况,司法机关对案件事实的审理能否达到生态环境损害赔偿制度所追求的目的,如何判决被告责任承担才能最大程度上使生态环境得到有效修复和补偿、维护社会环境公益显得至关重要。生态环境损害赔偿的责任承担方式主要包括损害可修复情况下的修复责任和损害无法修复下的赔偿责任,生态环境损害赔偿制度所追求的的目标是修复受损的生态环境,因此本文侧重研究生态环境损害修复责任。本文旨在通过从生态环境损害赔偿司法实践的角度出发,选取典型裁判文书为样本,对司法机关关于被告责任承担的裁判结果予以分析,梳理其中存在的问题、总结有益的探索,并提出完善建议,从而最大化实现修复受损害的生态环境、维护生态环境公共利益的价值追求。第一部分绪论阐述了本文的选题背景和意义,之后围绕生态环境损害赔偿进行了国内外文献的整理分析。本文的创新点在于通过对司法裁判文书分析,研究生态环境损害赔偿司法实践是否能够有效落实生态环境损害赔偿制度的要求,并且实现其所追求的修复受损生态环境的目的。第二部分生态环境损害赔偿责任承担概述厘清了生态环境损害和生态环境损害赔偿责任的概念,从环境权理论和生态正义理论入手为生态环境损害赔偿责任奠定了理论依据。第三部分梳理生态环境损害赔偿的司法案件,分析法院判决、裁定中生态环境损害赔偿责任承担所存在的问题,主要包括损害认定及量化方法应用混乱、责任承担方式厘定不清和审判过于依赖鉴定意见。第四部分选取美国和欧盟作为研究对象,对生态环境损害赔偿制度在国外的开展实施情况进行了考察,侧重分析自然资源损害的内涵、损害鉴定评估制度和修复制度,希望为本文中所研究的生态环境损害赔偿责任承担的完善提供有益的借鉴。第五部分针对司法实践中所存在的问题和借鉴外国经验的基础上,对生态环境损害赔偿责任承担提出完善建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The current harsh ecological environment has become a major hidden danger that endangers people’s lives and property.For a long time,we have only focused on mitigating human body injuries and property losses aroused by environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction,focusing on people,but forgetting the pollution and destruction of the ecological environment itself,without paying attention Putting it on the relief of the ecological environment,the ecological environment system is devastated over time,and people cannot enjoy the service functions provided by the ecosystem.Therefore,protecting the public interest of the ecological environment is currently the focus of my country’s ecological and environmental judicial reform.my country has begun to pilot an ecological environmental damage compensation system in individual areas.It has been fully implemented,and a judicial interpretation that regulates its trial has been issued.As the ecological environment damage compensation system is carried out,how to use judicial means to improve the situation of ecological environment damage,whether the judicial organ’s trial of the facts of the case can achieve the goals pursued by the ecological damage compensation system,and how to judge the defendant to bear the most responsibility To a certain extent,it is very important to effectively repair and compensate the ecological environment and maintain the social environment and public welfare.Therefore,this article aims to analyze the results of the judgment of the defendant on the responsibility of the defendant from the perspective of the judicial practice of compensation for ecological environmental damage,select typical judgment documents as samples,sort out the existing problems,summarize useful explorations,and propose Improve the suggestions,so as to maximize the realization of the value pursuit of repairing the damaged things and maintaining the public interest.The first part is the preface,which explains the background and topic meaning of the paper,and then analyzes the research status at home and abroad around the compensation for ecological damage.The innovation of this paper is to analyze whether the judicial practice of compensation for ecological environment damage can effectively implement the purpose of repairing the damaged ecosystem pursued by ecological damage compensation system through the analysis of judicial judgment documents.The second part is an overview of liability for compensation for ecological damage and clarifies the concepts of damage and liability for damage to the ecological environment.Starting from the theory of environmental rights and the theory of ecological justice,it has laid a theoretical basis for the liability for damage to the ecological environment.The third part sorts out judicial cases of compensation for ecological environment damage,and analyzes the problems in the judgment and ruling of the ecological environment damage compensation liability,including the confusion in the identification of damage and the application of quantitative methods,the unclear determination of liability and the excessive reliance on expert opinions in the trial.The fourth part is foreign experience of the ecological damage compensation system,selecting the ecological environment damage compensation system of the United States and the European Union,focusing on the analysis of the connotation of natural resource damage,the damage identification evaluation system and the restoration system,with a view to the responsibility of my country’s ecological environment damage compensation Perfect to provide useful reference.The fifth part aims at the problems in judicial practice and draws on the experience of foreign countries,and puts forward perfect suggestions on the responsibility of ecological damage compensation.更多还原