【作者】 张淼；

【导师】 孙书文；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 美学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 顾随(1897—1960),是我国现当代著名词人和学者。在词学批评中,顾随独标“高致”一说。“高致”说是顾随把严羽的“兴趣”说、王世祯的“神韵”说、王国维的“境界”说经过认真研究比较之后提出来的一个新的范畴。他认为“严之兴趣在诗前,王之神韵在诗后,皆非诗之本体”“王静安所谓境界,是诗的本体,非前非后”。深入研究顾随“高致”说,对于丰富文艺理论有着重要的意义。全文分为以下几个部分:绪论目前对顾随“高致”说研究主要体现为三个方面,“高致”说的本体论研究、“高致”诗歌审美论研究以及“高致”作为美学理论的研究。但对“高致”核心理念的研究尚有缺漏。一、“高致”的辞章之美顾随认为“夷犹”与“锤炼”是诗歌中汉字的形、音、义完美的融合表现形式。“夷犹”是形容创作主体在创作的过程中一气呵成,从容自得。“锤炼”是“渐修”的过程。“远韵”包含了两方面:字句之内和字句之外。字句之内是诗法,包括了诗歌语言的韵律和音乐美。字句之外则继承了“味之味”“象外之象”的观点,但又有所不同之处。字句之外包括了诗人和读者两个主体。诗人在创作中首先要立意须正、须高;读者在接受过程中的感情回旋和延宕。“清健”是“健康”的诗人写“健康”的诗,包括了对创作主体的研究和语言风格的研究。顾随提出的“清健”的语言风格,又可以详细分解为“经济”、“爽朗”的语言特征。二、“高致”的核心内涵——真人类对真的探索从未停止过,顾随“高致”说认为真有三个方面:情真、理真、物我合一。情真包含两个部分:在创作主体角度,顾随从感情真切和感受真切讲情真;从读者和欣赏者的角度,只有情感真实的作品才能带来“感人至深”这一审美特性。顾随的理真则包含了三个部分:诗人的理性思维、认识事物的方法、理真的终极追求。在理性思维中,顾随提出了他特有的观点“觉”;认识事物的方法提出“格物”和“物格”;理真的终极追求是天地境界。顾随受禅宗影响提出了“即心即物”的观点,追求人与自然直观性,人与人类之心性的交流和汇通,讲究心与物的直接交流感悟。顾随“高致”核心内涵的“真”,超越了感性与知性,达到了理性的高度,是宇宙与人生浑然一体。三、“高致”的创作论顾随在“高致”说中讨论创作主体如何才能创作出有“高致”的作品这一问题。他认为创作主体要有“担荷”、“识力”的特质以及“入之深出之彻”的主客体关系。“担荷”不仅指诗人的胸襟、气度,更是指向诗人的内在精神层面。“担荷”是创作主体对人生苦难经历的领悟,以文学创作的形式表达出来。担荷体现在作品中表现为阳刚之美。顾随认为诗人要有才识和胆识,才识受到天赋的影响,才识与天赋可以相互补足。顾随从两个层面解释了“入之深出之彻”,第一层是深入生活与文学创作的关系;第二层是主客体之间的审美关系。创作主体在进行文学创作时既要深入生活,又要跳出生活。创作主体在文学创造的发生阶段要深入生活,在文学创造的物化阶段要跳出生活。“入之深”是主体主动将自我移入到客体对象之中,与对象融为一体。“出之彻”是创作主体从客体中抽离出来,用超脱的心态来看客体。结语“高致”说作为一种文学理论,有引导文学创作、指导文学欣赏、规范文学批评的作用。顾随的“高致”说及其诗论,与中国古典文论一脉相承。但旧体诗在上世纪四十年代已经僵化,“高致”说与当时的诗歌改革相悖,且使用语录体造成了阅读障碍,因此“高致”说在当时未能产生重大的影响。顾随意识到中国传统诗歌中的阴柔之风对读者的伤害,他提倡创作“清健”的诗歌,写物我合一的天地境界的作品。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ku Sui(1897-1960)is a famous poet and scholar in modern and contemporary China.In ci criticism,Ku Suodiao “Gao Zhi” said.Gao Zhi is a new category put forward by Ku after careful study and comparison.He said,“ Yan’s interest before poetry,Wang’s charm after poetry,are not the essence of poetry.”“Wang Jingan’s so-called realm is the essence of poetry,not before and after.”It is of great significance to study the theory of “Gao Zhi”in depth to enrich the theory of literature and art.The thesis is divided into the following parts:The introduction combs the research status of Ku Sui’s “Gao Zhi”theory.The research results mainly have two aspects: the ontological study of Gao Zhi theory and the aesthetic theory of Gao Zhi poetry.There are still gaps in the research on several aspects of its core concept.First,the beauty of “Gao Zhi”explores the unique lan Kuage style of “Gao Zhi ”:“ Yi and temper ” and “Qing Jian ”.Ku Sui thinks that Yi-you and exercise are the perfect fusion forms of Chinese characters in poetry.“Yi-Yu"”is to describe the creative subject in the process of one-step,calm.Exercise is a gradual process.Ku Su’s far rhyme contains two aspects: within and outside the sentence.Within the words is the poetic method,including the rhythm of the lan Kuage of poetry and the beauty of music.Besides words and sentences,it inherits the viewpoint of “taste”and “image outside ”,but it is different.Besides words and sentences,there are two main bodies:poet and reader.Poets in the creation of the first idea must be correct,must be high;readers in the process of acceptance of the emotional swing and delay.“Qing Jian” is a “healthy”poet wrote“healthy” poetry,including the main body of the study and lan Kuage style.The lan Kuage style of“Qingjian” put forward by Ku Sui can be decomposed into the lan Kuage features of“economy”and “refreshing”in detail.Second,the core connotation of “Gao Zhi ”—— really explore the core connotation of“ Gao Zhi ”—— true.There are three aspects: truth,truth,and unity.Love truth consists of two parts: from the point of view of the creative subject,Ku follows the feelings of truth and feelings of truth,and from the point of view of readers and appreciators,only the works of emotion truth can bring the aesthetic characteristic of “touching”deeply.There are three parts in the truth: the poet’s rational thinking,the method of understanding things,and the ultimate pursuit of truth.In rational thinking,Ku Sui puts forward his unique viewpoint of “perception ”;the method of understanding things puts forward“ case ”and“case ”;the ultimate pursuit of truth is the realm of heaven and earth.Ku was influenced by Zen Buddhism to put forward the point of view that the heart is the thing.The pursuit of intuitionism between man and nature,the communication and communication between man and human heart,the great understanding of natural law and social phenomenon,and the pursuit of the way of epiphany.Ku follows the “truth”of the core connotation of “Gao Zhi ”,transcending sensibility and understanding,reaching the height of reason,and integrating the universe with life.Third,Gao Zhi’s theory of creation explores how the creative subject can create works with Gao Zhi,such as the characteristics of the creative subject to bear the burden,the ability to know,and the relationship between the subject and the object.It not only refers to the poet’s mind and magnanimity,but also points to the poet’s inner spiritual level.Tam Ho is the main body of the understanding of life suffering experience,expressed in the form of literary creation.The load is embodied in the works as the beauty of masculinity.Ku thought that the poet must have talent and courage,to know by the influence of talent,knowledge and talent can complement each other.From two angles,Ku explains the relationship between life and literary creation,and the second is the aesthetic relationship between subject and object.The creative subject should not only go deep into life,but also jump out of life.The creative subject should go deep into life in the stage of literary creation and jump out of life in the materialized stage of literary creation.The “depth of entry” is the subject’s initiative to move the self into the object and merge with the object.The creative subject is drawn from the object,and the object is viewed with a detached mentality.The conclusion analyzes the limitation and creativity of Gao Zhi.Limitations: First,the requirements of lan Kuage style have limitations.Second,the demand for the creative subject is too high,Ku Suo “Gao Zhi”said that the creative subject must have a first-class mind,temperament,insight,talent,in order to write a good work.Therefore,the “Gao Zhi”theory narrows the scope of choice and comment.“Gao Zhi”theory has reference significance to literary creation.Aware of the harm of the feminine wind in Chinese traditional poetry to readers,Ku advocated the creation of “Qing Jian”poetry and the works of the realm of heaven and earth in which I am one.The theory of “Gao Zhi”is an improvement and reform of traditional Ci.更多还原