【作者】 孙璐；

【导师】 施斌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 广播电视艺术学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 话语在不同研究领域中有着不同的“身份”。借用语言学家费尔克拉夫的定义,我们可以把媒介话语看作是与社会现实互构过程中媒介文本与符号的表述方式。我国电视新闻节目主持人与电视新闻相伴发展,其以有声语言作为传播工具,公开向受众传递信息、交流情感。主持人话语不单集中体现电视新闻话语的所有特点,他们还是最显在的电视新闻话语的生产者。改革开放以来伴随着我国政治经济体制、传播体制以及传播生态格局的变化,电视新闻节目主持人话语发生了三次标志鲜明的转向。第一次转向为1993年以《东方时空》开播为“节点”,由央视向地方迅速“扩散”的电视新闻生产机制、理念及语态的根本性变革为标志、以电视新闻深度报道为文本载体的新闻专业主义话语转向;第二次转向为2002年以《南京零距离》开播为“节点”,以全国民生新闻的滥觞为标志的市场化话语转向;而第三次转向则是仍在进行中的媒介融合及其带来的电视新闻“新宣传”话语转向,我们把普遍认为的2014年即中国媒介融合元年作为其“节点”。依照传播政治经济学的观点,促成话语根本性变革的绝不仅仅是媒体人的主观努力,更依赖于多种社会性因素的综合作用与共同影响。本文通过分析中国电视新闻及新闻节目主持人话语三次转向各自的规律与表征,进一步探寻其内在的承接与勾连。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分是对中国电视新闻节目主持人话语相关概念的梳理和概述。基于话语和话语分析理论的界定,阐明电视新闻话语与社会现实的“互构”关系。以历时角度纵向梳理我国改革开放以来电视新闻话语的三次转向,并进一步说明主持人是电视新闻话语表征与话语主体统一。第二部分围绕1993年《东方时空》开播后集体登场的记者型主持人话语进行分析。认为电视新闻节目主持人话语的第一次转向是精英知识分子践行“启蒙”大众的社会责任的结果。主持人新闻专业主义的话语表达促成了我国电视新闻内容表达重心从政治宣传向新闻本位回归。而平民化叙事的尝试和话语方式的变革则凸显了其平民精神与人文内涵。第三部分以2002年《南京零距离》开播后出现的民生新闻节目主持人话语做为研究重点。在“双轨制”体制和“市场化”背景下,作为新闻传播者的主持人与受众角色发生了互动性变化。“收视压力”使主持人话语表达呈现出有别于前一次“启蒙”责任的两大特征:“零距离”的平民化和“双刃剑”的娱乐化。第四部分聚焦媒介融合背景下以央视新闻主播为代表的融媒体电视新闻节目主持人话语。通过阐述新时代“新宣传”话语的功能溯源、传播路径、内涵分析等内容,指出媒介融合背景下主持人话语转向有着区别于前两次转向的复杂性,更充分体现了与“外部因素”的互构性,其本质是国家推动构建新型主流媒体从而实现现代化高效的社会治理。新型主流媒体作为国家与民众协商共治的“中介”所呈现的互动性与对话性特征则是对前两次话语转向深刻的历史回响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Discourse has different "identities" in different research fields.Borrowing the definition of linguist Fairclough,we can regard media discourse as a way of expressing media texts and symbols in the process of mutual construction with social reality.The anchor of TV news program in China develops with TV news,which uses audio language as a communication tool to communicate information and emotions to the audience openly.Anchor’s discourse not only embodies all the characteristics of TV news discourse,anchors are also the most prominent producers of TV news discourse.Since the reform and opening up,with the changes of China’s political and economic system,communication system and communication ecological pattern,the discourse of TV news program anchors has undergone three distinctive turns.The first time is the "node" with the launch of Oriental Horizon in 1993,which is marked by the fundamental change of TV news production mechanism,concept and voice which is rapidly "spreading" from CCTV to local,and the news professionalism discourse which takes TV news in-depth report as text carrier.The second turn is the market-oriented discourse turn marked by the beginning of the national livelihood news in 2002,when Nanjing Zero Distance was launched as the "node".The third turn is the ongoing media convergence and the discourse turn of TV news "new publicity" brought about by it.We regard 2014,the first year of media convergence in China,as its "node".According to the political economy of communication,it is not only the subjective efforts of media personnel that promote the fundamental change of discourse,but also depends on the comprehensive action and joint influence of various social factors.By analyzing the three turns of Chinese TV news and news program anchors’ discourse,this paper further explores their internal continuity and connection.This paper is divided into four parts.The first part is a summary of Chinese TV news program anchor’s discourse related concepts.Based on the definition of discourse and discourse analysis theory,this part expounds the "mutual construction" relationship between TV news discourse and social reality.From the perspective of diachronic analysis of the three changes of TV news discourse since China’s reform and opening up,and further shows that the anchor is the unity of TV news discourse representation and discourse subject.The second part focuses on the analysis of the discourse of the reporter-type anchors who came on stage together after Oriental Horizon was launched in 1993.The author holds that the first turn of the discourse of TV news program anchors is the result of elite intellectuals’ practice of "enlightening" the social responsibility of the public.The discourse expression of anchors’ journalism professionalism has contributed to the return of the focus of Chinese TV news content expression from political propaganda to news standard.The attempt of popularizing narration and the transformation of discourse mode highlight its popularizing spirit and humanistic connotation.The third part focuses on the discourse of people’s livelihood news program anchors after the broadcast of Nanjing Zero Distance in 2002.Under the background of "dual track system" and "marketization",the roles of anchor and audience as news communicators have undergone interactive changes."Viewing pressure" makes the anchor’s speech expression show two characteristics different from the previous "enlightenment" responsibility: "zero distance" civilian and "double-edged sword" entertainment.The fourth part focuses on the discourse of anchors of TV news programs in the context of media convergence represented by CCTV news anchors.Through the elaboration of the new age "new publicity" discourse function source,propagation path and connotation analysis,points out that under the background of media convergence to anchor discourse is different from the first two turns to the complexity of more fully embodies the "external factors" mutual structure,its essence is the national push to build new mainstream media so as to realize modern and efficient social governance.The new mainstream media,as an "intermediary" between the state and the people to negotiate and govern together,presents the characteristics of interactivity and dialogue,which is a profound historical echo to the previous two discourse turns.更多还原