【作者】 杨芳；

【导师】 董永贵；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 班主任作为一种有着“特殊身份和责任”的教师,近年来,已经有不少班主任表现出职业幸福感降低的情况,班主任身份已经不再是教师们的更好选择,而成了教师们迫不得已之下的选择,甚至于许多已经成为班主任的教师都纷纷选择了转岗和辞任班主任职务等,为什么教师拒绝担任班主任,是否班主任工作有着比较繁重的工作负担,通过相关资料的分析与整理,笔者发现相比较于小学教师来说,初中教师的工作负担表现或有更加强烈的趋势,因此笔者以郑州市X中学作为研究对象,对郑州市X中学的内部文件和班主任制度守则进行分析,通过问卷调查和访谈调查等方式,对150名郑州市X中学班主任做了调研,研究中学教师的工作负担现状。通过研究可见,班主任工作负担过重的原因从社会层面来看包括社会期待过高、对成绩的制度导向高以及对班主任的劳动报酬偏低等;而从学校角度来看,班主任教师不仅负担着班级管理的任务,更是有繁重的行政事务负担,时刻准备应对上级检查,接受社会指派活动,学校给班主任教师的教学管理时间留存较低,同时,学校制度的不完善等因素都加重了班主任的工作负担;从科任教师方面来说,科任教师对班主任工作的配合与否,也是影响班主任工作负担的重要因素,最后,从家庭层面上来看,家长对班主任工作的不配合,以及对教学活动参与的不积极、不主动,都带来了班主任教学管理的负担,同时从学生自身角度来看,由于学生正值中学阶段,正处于身心发展不平衡的阶段,在学习自主性和情绪稳定性方面都有较大问题,学习成绩差距过大,两极分化严重,也是造成班主任教师的工作负担原因之一。因此,如同对学生的减负降负一样,对班主任工作负担的减负降负,已经成了迫在眉睫、亟待解决的问题。结合相关理论学习和郑州市X中学班主任教学的实际情况,笔者认为,社会应该树立对班主任合理的期望,在理解班主任工作的同时提高班主任的工资待遇,并通过一定的考核激励手段来促进班主任工作的有效进行;学校应该实行人性化管理,减轻班主任的工作量,对班主任在时间上实行柔性管理,缩短班主任的工作时间,让班主任能够有更好的教学管理体验和工作归属感与幸福感;再者,应该明确科任教师的管理职责,加强工作配合,避免班主任和科任教师之间出现工作推诿,让班主任少一份教师层面的负担,提高班主任班级管理效率;除此之外,家长和学生则应该全力配合班主任的工作,了解家校合作的重要性,搭建家委会等家校联系平台,制作家校联系卡加强家校沟通;与此同时,学生应该树立正确的价值观,提升自身的主体意识,提高自身的管理自主性。最后教师自身也要加强理论学习和自我减压训练,以更好地达到减压效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of teacher with special status and responsibility,in recent years,many head teachers have shown a decline in the professional happiness,head teacher is no longer a better choice for teachers,however,teachers have been forced to choose,even many teachers who have become head teachers chosen to transfer and resign,In order to find the reasons why teachers refuse to serve as head teachers and whether there is a heavy burden of work or not,the author compared with primary school head teachers and junior high school head teachers,junior high school teachers’ work burden performed a stronger trend by the analysis and collation of relevant materials,Therefore,the author takes Zhengzhou X Middle School as the research object,150 head teachers of Zhengzhou X Middle School have been investigated to study the head teachers’ work burden of middle school through questionnaires and interviews.From the social points,it can be seen that the reasons for the heavy burden of the head teachers’ work includes the high social expectation,the high system orientation to the achievement and the low labor reward.From the view of school,the head teachers join the management of class,but also has the heavy burden of administrative affairs,they are always ready to deal with the superior inspection and accept the social assignment activities,the time of the head teachers’ teaching management is not enough.In addition,the school system is not perfect and other factors have increased the work burden of the head teacher.From the aspect of subject teachers,the cooperation of subject teachers is also an important factor in affecting the work burden of head teachers.Finally,from the factor of family,the parents are lack of cooperation points with the head teachers,they also do not mention the participation in teaching activities so that it brings another burden on the teaching management of the head teachers.At the same time,it is also a significant reason for the work burden of the head teacher for middle school students themselves.they are in the unbalanced stage of physical and mental development.There are many problems in learning autonomy and developing emotional stability,the gap in academic achievement is so large that the polarization is serious.Therefore,it has become an urgent problem to reduce the burden on the head teachers.According to the theory study and the actual situation of head teachers in Zhengzhou X Middle School,the author point several views.Firstly,the society should set reasonable expectation to head teachers,it is necessary to raise the salary of while understanding the class teacher’s work and promote the head teachers’ work effectively through certain examination and incentive means.Secondly,to improve the efficiency of class management and let head teachers have less burden,we should clarify the management responsibilities of other teachers and strengthen the work cooperation to avoid job prevarication between them.Thirdly,Parent-school cooperation plays an important role in lightening head teachers’ work burden,parents and students should fully cooperate with class teachers and understand the importance of Parent-school cooperation.We can set up home-school contact platform and make home-school contact card to strengthen the Parent-school cooperation.what is more,students should set up the correct values to enhance their own main body consciousness and improve their own management autonomy.Finally,teachers themselves should strengthen theoretical learning and self-stress training to achieve better decompression effect.更多还原