【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 王翠平；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 认知神经科学在众多学科交叉中,发展迅速,为解决各类问题提供了新的研究视角与方法。本文选择神经发育学与模块论和神经可塑性与知觉理论,运用文献研究法、系统分析法与跨学科研究法,对关于传统哲学问题,Nature-nurture何者为本原,在个体认知行为发展等方面,Nature与Nurture何者处于决定性位置,关于二者的相关伦理问题是怎样进行分析论述。从认知神经科学出发,可以给予二者更加微观的解释,同时给予相关的伦理争论更加详细的澄清。论文以认知神经科学作为切入点,围绕Nature-nurture,选定遗传决定论与环境决定论,对人类个体认知行为的影响方面进行研究。在澄清Nature与Nurture内涵的基础上,阐明了神经发育学和模块论与遗传的关系,神经可塑性和知觉理论与环境决定论的关系,论述了遗传与环境的辩证关系,认为二者是共同作用于个体的。最后结合实证案例论证了自由意志、道德责任判定、犯罪行为及脑损伤等,这些伦理问题是先天遗传与后天环境共同作用的结果。在人的认知行为等的.发展过程中,遗传与环境在不同情况下,不同的个体影响不同。本文主张两者是相互作用的,首先肯定在一些研究实验中,遗传或者环境在某些方面的作用是决定性的。但不能否认,其它因素是没有作用或无效的。本文认为研究者应该超越传统的二分法,综合二者去分析、解释相关观点之争以及相应的伦理争论。遗传、环境等因素共同作用于个体,从认知神经科学角度分析它们是在哪些方面决定或者影响人的,具体影响哪些地方,从而使得人类个体在遗传与环境相关研究中,受益更多。选择从认知神经科学角度出发,使研究更加微观化,给予更多的实证类支持。同时思辨与实证相结合,也可以丰富哲学议题,打破传统以逻辑分析为主的研究思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cognitive neuroscience has developed rapidly in many interdisciplinary fields,providing new research perspectives and methods for solving various problems.This article selects neurodevelopmental science and modular theory and neuroplasticity and perception theory,using literature research method,system analysis method and interdisciplinary research method,on traditional philosophical issues,which nature-nurture is the original,in the development of individual cognitive behavior,etc.On the one hand,which one of Nature and Nature is in a decisive position,and how to analyze and discuss the ethical issues related to the two.From the perspective of cognitive neuroscience,we can give a more micro explanation of the two,and at the same time give more detailed clarification of related ethical disputes.The dissertation takes cognitive neuroscience as an entry point,focuses on Nature-nurture,selects genetic determinism and environmental determinism,and conducts research on the impact of individual human cognitive behaviors.On the basis of clarifying the connotation of Nature and Nature,it clarified the relationship between neurodevelopmental science and modular theory and heredity,the relationship between neuroplasticity and perception theory and environmental determinism,and discussed the dialectical relationship between heredity and environment,and believed that the two are individual functions.For the individual.Finally,combined with empirical cases,it demonstrates free will,determination of moral responsibility,criminal behavior,and brain injury.These ethical issues are the result of the combined effect of congenital inheritance and acquired environment.The research on heredity and environment is mainly about the position of the two in the process of human development.This article advocates that the two interact.First of all,in some research experiments,one of genetic or environmental factors will be decisive,but it is undeniable that the other factor is also playing a role.This article proposes that researchers should go beyond the traditional dichotomy and analyze and explain related disputes of viewpoints and ethical disputes by combining the two.Factors such as heredity and environment affect people together,and analyze in which aspects they determine or affect people,and where they specifically affect them.From the perspective of cognitive neuroscience,research can be made more microscopic and give more empirical support.At the same time,it can also enrich philosophical issues and break the traditional research thinking based on logical analysis.更多还原