纪实类真人秀《奇遇人生》的陌生化表达研究

【作者】 刘宇；

【导师】 刘波；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 广播电视艺术学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在真人秀创作逐渐陷入窠臼,国家政策引导不断加强、国民审美要求日渐提高的社会环境下,真人秀节目开始回归到对真实影像的追求。纪实类真人秀是在继承纪录片“真实”“纪实”等本质特征,并吸收了传统真人秀节目元素的基础上融合发展而成的一种节目类型。2018年腾讯视频推出明星纪实类真人秀节目《奇遇人生》,凭借陌生化的表达,克服创作程序的僵化,凝练生活中的“真、善、美”,建构了与传统真人秀不同的模式,收获观众和业界的广泛好评,值得深入研究。本文将“陌生化”理论融入纪实类真人秀的表达研究,首先明晰“陌生化”与“纪实类真人秀”的概念定义及真人秀纪实化发展历程。在此基础上,结合媒介融合、受众流变、经济变革三个层面,深入探析纪实类真人秀陌生化表达的多重动因。结合理论梳理,聚焦纪实类真人秀《奇遇人生》的陌生化表达实践:首先,《奇遇人生》在节目形式上运用“创造性的变形”,脱胎于原始真人秀的创作形式,采用纪录片的创作手法,增强节目的可感性,创造文本的个性化,唤起观众的审美愉悦。其次,节目运用“间离”手法,拉开艺术真实与现实生活之间的间隔,以旁观者的角度看世界,其目的是重新代入现实,从而达到更深层次、更深刻的理解与认知。最后《奇遇人生》采用了唤醒新感性的表达手法,与被压迫的工业文化决裂,实现人的解放。在信息碎片化的时代,真人秀如何超越固定的外在形式,立足当下社会现实进行创作,“陌生化”为真人秀的发展提供了理论帮助和实践指导。《奇遇人生》是纪实类真人秀实现陌生化创作的典型范例,它的成功对真人秀的多元表达、价值传播以及唤醒受众审美期待起到了积极的效果,但也同时存在作品节奏缓慢、缺乏系列性的缺陷,以及面临收视率低迷、受众群体狭隘的问题。深入研究纪实类真人秀《奇遇人生》的陌生化表达,可以扩展“陌生化”理论延伸的维度,为今后真人秀节目的发展提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As reality shows are gradually becoming increasingly conventional,national policies are being strengthened and national aesthetic requirements are improving,reality shows are returning to the pursuit of real images.The reality show is a type of programme that has been developed on the basis of inheriting the essential characteristics of documentaries,such as " real" and "documentary",which absorbs the elements of traditional reality shows.In 2018,Tencent Video launched the celebrity documentary reality show "Adventure Life".By means of the expression of strangeness,it has overcome the rigidity of the creation process,condensed the "real,good and beautiful" in life,and constructed a different model from traditional reality shows,which has received wide praise from viewers and the industry,thus deserving in-depth study.This paper integrates the theory of "strangeness" into the study of reality shows.Firstly,it clarifies the definition of the concepts of "strangeness" and "reality shows" and the history of the development of reality shows.Based on this,the three dimensions of media convergence,audience flux and economic change are investigated in depth to investigate the various motivations for the strangeness of reality documentary shows.In conjunction with the previous theoretical overview,we concentrate on the strangeness of the documentary reality show "Adventure Life" : Firstly,"Adventure Life" adopts a "creative metamorphosis" in the programme format,which is a departure from the original reality TV format.It uses documentary techniques to reinforce the relatability of the programme,to create a personalized text,and to stimulate the aesthetic pleasure of the audience.Secondly,it uses the technique of " separation " to create a gap between artistic reality and real life,in order to see the world from the perspective of a bystander.It aims to reintroduce itself to reality and to achieve a deeper and more profound understanding and perception.Lastly,"Adventure Life" employs the expression of awakening to a new sensibility,rejecting the oppressed industrial culture and achieving human liberation.In the era of fragmented information,reality TV shows have been theoretically and practically guided by the concept of "strangeness" to transcend fixed external forms and create works based on current social realities."Adventure Life" is a typical example of a reality show that has achieved strangeness.While its success has had a positive effect on the diversified expression of reality shows,the dissemination of values and the awakening of audiences’ aesthetic expectations.However,it has also suffered from a slow pace and a lack of series,and has faced the problems of low ratings and a narrow audience base.An in-depth study of the expression of strangeness in the documentary reality show "Adventure Life" can expand the dimensions of the theory of "strangeness" and provide a reference for the development of reality shows in the future.更多还原