【作者】 张莹；

【导师】 侯瑜；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 财政学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 创业是指特定的个体发现并抓住创造新产品或新服务机会的过程,新企业或新组织的创建是其主要标志。李克强总理2014年提出,希望在中国960万平方千米大地上掀起新一轮“大众创业”和“草根创业”浪潮。2018年,国务院发布《关于推动创新创业高质量发展打造“双创”升级版的意见》,对进一步激发创业活力提出新要求。2019年,习近平总书记强调,要创造有助于创新创业的良好社会氛围,以改革开放为契机,最大程度地在全社会释放创新创业创造活力。在这种背景下,研究如何营造有利于创业的环境,对实现稳定就业和稳定增长,具有重要意义。国内外研究普遍认识到新建企业和创业活动对拉动就业和促进地区经济增长的重要意义。然而,直接研究创业活动与地区经济增长的关系往往存在内生性问题,即,到底是创业推动增长还是增长促进创业。为解决创业活动与地区经济增长之间的内生性问题,本文拟采用我国社会主义改造前的私营工商业产值作为工具变量,同时考察历史上各地私营企业基础作为一种当地的文化因素是否会对几十年后的创业活动产生影响。具体地说,本文利用我国1995-2018年省级面板数据证明创业活动对地区经济增长具有显著的正向效应。现有研究认为,创业文化作为一种文化因素会影响若干年后的创业活动,并可进一步解释地区经济增长差异。也即,创业文化较为薄弱的地区,在市场经济体制下,创业活动较为不活跃。比如,改革开放后尤其是20世纪90年代后,我国东北地区与全国其他地区尤其是东南沿海地区经济差距拉大,形成了独特的“东北现象”,本文将针对这一现象从创业文化角度进行解释。本文的结构安排如下:第一部分是引言,主要介绍创业文化和创业活动选题的背景和意义、研究内容与方法,以及论文的主要创新和不足之处;第二部分是理论与文献综述,共分为两小节,分别介绍地区创业文化、创业活动与经济增长,以及创业活动对经济增长的影响机制的相关理论与研究成果,在此基础上提出本文的研究假设;第三部分是变量选取、数据描述与模型构建,从我国民营经济发展历程介绍本文工具变量的有效性和可行性,以及本文的解释变量、被解释变量和控制变量,并介绍本文创业衡量指标的计算,以及构建起本文创业文化、创业活动与地区经济增长关系的实证模型;第四部分为实证部分,包括基准结果展示、影响机制分析、异质性分析以及稳健性检验;第五部分是结论和相关政策建议,从创业文化和创业活动角度,提出促进经济增长和缩小地区经济发展差距、促进东北老工业基地振兴的相关建议。借鉴全球创业观察(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor)建立的创业活动衡量指标,本文验证了创业活动对各省经济的正向影响以及创业活动通过拉动就业、促进社会创新和技术进步来促进经济增长的影响机制。具体来说,本文的研究结论包括:第一,创业文化作为持续存在的规范、价值观和行为准则,会随着时间的推移影响到多年后的创业活动,缺乏创业文化的地区,创业活动不活跃。尽管经济体制与环境发生巨大变化,民营经济一度消亡,但是创业文化对其40年后市场经济体制下的创业活动仍然具有影响。第二,创业活动能够有效促进各地区经济增长,对人均国内生产总值产生正向影响。第三,创业活动对地区经济增长的影响主要通过拉动就业以及促进社会创新水平和技术进步两个途径实现。第四,在我国,创业活动对地区经济的影响具有异质性,东北三省的创业活动对经济增长的影响不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Entrepreneurship refers to the process in which specific individuals discover and seize opportunities to create new products or services,and the creation of new enterprises or organizations is its main symbol.In 2014,Premier Li Keqiang proposed a new wave of "mass entrepreneurship" and "grassroots entrepreneurship" across China’s 9.6 million square kilometers of land.In 2018,the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting High-quality Development of Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Promoting an Upgraded Version of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation,which set new requirements for further stimulating entrepreneurship and innovation.In 2019,Xi Jinping stressed the need to create a favorable social atmosphere conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship,and take reform and opening up as an opportunity to unleash the vitality of innovation,entrepreneurship and creativity in the whole society to the greatest extent.In this context,it is of great significance to study how to create an environment conducive to entrepreneurship to achieve stable employment and steady growth.Studies at home and abroad have generally recognized the importance of new enterprises and entrepreneurial activities in stimulating employment and promoting regional economic growth.However,direct research on the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and regional economic growth often has an endogenous problem,that is,whether entrepreneurship promotes growth or growth promotes entrepreneurship.In order to solve the endogenous problem between entrepreneurial activities and regional economic growth,this paper intends to use the private industrial and commercial output value before China’s socialist transformation as an instrumental variable,and to investigate whether the foundation of private enterprises in various places as a local cultural factor will have an impact on entrepreneurial activities decades later.To be specific,this paper empirically proves that entrepreneurial activities have significant positive effects on regional economic growth by using provincial panel data from 1995 to 2018.Existing studies believe that entrepreneurial culture,as a cultural factor,will affect entrepreneurial activities several years later,and can further explain regional economic growth differences.In other words,regions with weak entrepreneurial culture tend to be less active in entrepreneurial activities under the market economy system.For example,after the reform and opening up,especially after the 1990s,the economic gap between northeast China and the rest of the country,especially the southeast coastal areas,widened,forming a unique "Northeast phenomenon".This paper will explain this phenomenon from the perspective of entrepreneurial culture.The structure of this paper is as follows:The first part is the introduction,mainly introduces the.background and significance of entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial activities,research content and methods,as well as the main innovations and shortcomings of the paper;The second part is a theoretical and literature review,which is divided into two sections.It introduces the regional entrepreneurial culture,entrepreneurial activities and economic growth,as well as the relevant theories and research results of the influence mechanism of entrepreneurial activities on economic growth.On this basis,the research hypothesis of this paper is proposed.The third part is the variables selection,data description and model building,from the private economy development in our country is introduced in this paper,the feasibility and effectiveness of the instrumental variable,and this article explain,be explained variables and control variables,and introduced in this paper,the calculation of measure,undertaking and built up in this paper,entrepreneurial culture,entrepreneurial activity,and the empirical model of the relationship between regional economic growth;The fourth part is the empirical part,including the baseline results display,impact mechanism analysis,heterogeneity analysis and robustness test.The fifth part is the conclusion and relevant policy Suggestions.From the perspective of entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial activities,it puts forward relevant Suggestions on promoting economic growth,narrowing the regional economic development gap and promoting the revitalization of the old industrial base in northeast China.With reference to the measurement index of entrepreneurial activity established by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor,this paper empirically verified the positive influence of entrepreneurial activity on provincial economy and the influencing mechanism of entrepreneurial activity to promote economic growth by stimulating employment,promoting social innovation and technological progress.To be specific,the research conclusions of this paper include:First,as a persistent norm,value and code of conduct,entrepreneurial culture will affect the entrepreneurial activities many years later with the passage of time,and entrepreneurial activities will be inactive in areas lacking entrepreneurial culture.Although great changes have taken place in the economic system and environment,and the private economy has disappeared for a time,the entrepreneurial culture still has an impact on the entrepreneurial activities under the market economic system 40 years later.Second,entrepreneurial activities can effectively promote economic growth in various regions and have a positive impact on per capita GDP.Third,the impact of entrepreneurial activities on regional economic growth is mainly realized by stimulating employment and promoting the level of social innovation and technological progress.Fourth,in China,the influence of entrepreneurial activities on regional economy is heterogeneous,while the influence of entrepreneurial activities in the three northeastern provinces on economic growth is not significant.更多还原