【作者】 王琪；

【导师】 刘兆军；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 土地是人类赖以生存与发展的重要资源和物质基础,土地沙化已经成为全球瞩目的环境问题之一,威胁人类社会的可持续发展。我国正处于城镇化、工业化和农业化转型升级的关键时期,对土地使用需求量激增,不合理的土地利用方式导致土地退化严重、人地矛盾十分突出。退化土地整治利用有利于缓解耕地资源短缺与服务占补平衡政策、促进区域农业可持续发展。因此探索土地整治的科学利用方式,对于补充耕地面积、生态文明建设与区域农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以毛乌素沙地南缘的榆林市为研究区,以典型区域现状诊断-沙化土地结构化整治效益-沙化土地结构化整治应用为主线,分析了典型沙区的土壤养分现状、空间分布等区域现状;以现代农业双优工程试验站开展的红粘土与沙土复配成土的沙化土地结构化整治试验为基础,探明了沙化土地结构化整治效益;从整治材料储量与区域水资源保障方面,探究了榆林市沙化土地结构化整治应用的保障情况。本文主要研究内容及结论如下:（1）沙化土地结构化整治试验。1)本研究以榆林市典型沙区榆阳区为例,基于土壤样点数据,运用克里格插值法、Arc GIS可视化分析等方法得出,典型沙区存在风沙土土壤肥力水平较低、土地利用难度大,农业发展效益低下等问题。2)沙化土地土壤中砂粒含量过高,容易跑水跑肥,对其有效整治策略是补充增加黏粒或粉粒。因此本文从沙化土地的结构缺陷入手,利用红粘土补充增加沙化土地的黏粒。依托土地工程试验,利用沙地周围的红粘土资源,将红粘土与沙土按照体积比为1:1、1:2、1:3和1:5复配成土,改良沙化土地的土体结构。（2）沙化土地结构化整治试验效益。1)经济效益:与传统种植相比,不同红粘土与沙土复配比例下三种作物的经济效益明显提升。从作物经济效益的提升程度来看,玉米的经济效益提升了0.37万元/hm²-0.71万元/hm²;大豆的经济效益提升了0.90万元/hm²-1.15万元/hm²;马铃薯的经济效益的提升了2.88万元/hm²-3.42万元/hm²。2)生态效益:从土壤的固碳效益来看,不同红粘土与沙土复配比例下三种作物的有机碳储量不同,大豆和马铃薯在复配比例为1:2下的有机碳储量最高,分别为3.89t/hm²和4.18 t/hm²;玉米在复配比例为1:3下的有机碳储量最高,为3.27t/hm²。从作物的节水效益来看,不同红粘土与沙土复配比例下玉米的节水量为1351m³/hm²-1991m³/hm²;大豆的节水量为767m³/hm²-1033m³/hm²;马铃薯的节水量为4886m³/hm²-5356m³/hm²。（3）榆林市沙化土地结构化整治应用。1)整治材料:根据榆林市沙化土地与红粘土的空间格局分布与红粘土运输成本。推算出榆林市红粘土资源总储量为1.39×10¹⁰m³-5.08×10¹⁰m³。按照红粘土与沙土复配比例为1:2和1:3进行沙化土地结构化整治,可整治沙化土地的面积为0.56×10⁷hm²-2.21×10⁷hm²。区域水资源保障基础:不同降水年型全生育期内的降水量与1:2与1:3红粘土与沙土复配比例下的灌水量,能够保障作物全生育期内的用水需求。2)基于本文研究结论,为沙化土地结构化整治试验的应用提出以下建议:充分发挥试验站的积极影响,扩大沙化土地整治的试验区域。加强培育新型经营主体开展整治示范推广,选择典型农户与企业开展沙化土地结构化整治技术的行动研究,推广沙化土地结构化整治技术。加强沙化土地整治的维护与监管,保证沙化土地整治试验的实施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land is an important resource and material basis on which human beings depend for survival and development.Sandification has become one of the global environmental problems,threatening the sustainable development of human society.China is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading of urbanization,industrialization and agriculture,and the demand for land use is surging.The land-use regulations lead to the serious degradation of land and prominent contradiction between human and land.The consolidation and utilization of degraded land is beneficial to alleviate the shortage of cultivated land resources and the balance policy of service occupation and supplement,and promote the sustainable development of regional agriculture.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the scientific utilization mode of land consolidation for the replenishment of cultivated land area,the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable development of regional agriculture.Taking Yulin City in the southern margin of Mu Us Sandy Land as the study area,this paper analyzed the status quo and spatial distribution of soil nutrients in typical sandy areas by following the typical regional status diagnosis-benefits of structural consolidation of sandy land and application of structural consolidation of sandy land as the main line.On the basis of the structured consolidation experiment of sandy land which was carried out by the modern agricultural double-advantage engineering test station,the benefits of structured consolidation of sandy land were proved.From the perspective of the reserves of consolidation materials and the guarantee of regional water resources,this paper explores the guarantee situation of the application of structured consolidation of sandy land in Yulin City.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:（1）Experiments on the structural consolidation of sandy land.1)This study takes Yuyang District,a typical sandy area in Yulin City as an example,based on soil sample data,using Kriging interpolation,Arc GIS visualization analysis and other methods to find that the typical sandy area has low soil fertility and difficult land use.Problems such as low efficiency of agricultural development.2)The sand content in the soil of sandy land is too high,and it is easy to run out of water and fertilizer.The effective consolidation strategy is to add clay or powder.Therefore,this article starts with the structural defects of sandy land and uses red clay to supplement the clay particles of sandy land.Relying on the land engineering experiment and using the red clay resources around the sandy land,the red clay and sand are compounded into soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1,1:2,1:3 and 1:5 to improve the soil structure of the sandy land.（2）Experimental benefits of structured consolidation of sandy land.1)Economic benefits:Compared with traditional planting,the economic benefits of the three crops under different red clay and sandy land compound ratios are significantly improved.From the perspective of the improvement degree of crop economic benefit,the economic benefit of corn increased by 3,700yuan/hm²-7,100 yuan/hm²;The economic benefit of soybean increased by 9000 yuan/hm²-11,500yuan/hm²;The economic benefit of potato increased by 28,800 yuan/hm²-34,200 yuan/hm².2)Ecological benefits:from the point of view of soil carbon sequeactivation benefits,the organic carbon storage of the three crops was different under different mix ratios of red clay and sand.Soybean and potato had the highest organic carbon storage under the mix ratio of 1:2,which were3.89 t/hm² and 4.18 t/hm²,respectively.The organic carbon storage of maize was the highest at the ratio of 1:3,which was 3.27 t/hm².From the perspective of water-saving benefit of crops,the water-saving amount of maize under different mixing ratios of red clay and sand was 1351 m³/hm² to 1991m³/hm².The water-saving amount of soybean was 767 m³/hm²-1033 m³/hm²;The water-saving amount of potato was 4886 m³/hm²-5356 m³/hm².（3）The application of structural consolidation of sandy land in Yulin City.1)Consolidation material reserve basis:According to the spatial pattern distribution of sandy land and red clay in Yulin City and the transportation cost of red clay.The total reserves of red clay resources in Yulin City are calculated to be 1.39×10¹⁰m³-5.08×10¹⁰m³.According to the compound ratio of red clay and sandy land of 1:2 and 1:3,the structured consolidation of sandy land is carried out,and the area of consolidation sandy land is 0.56×10⁷hm²-2.21×10⁷hm².The basis of regional water resources protection:the amount of precipitation in the whole growth period of different precipitation years and the irrigation amount under the mixed ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 red clay and sandy land can guarantee the water demand during the whole growth period of crops.2)Based on the research conclusions of this article,the following suggestions are put forward for the application of the structured consolidation of sandy land:Give full play to the positive influence of the experiment station,and expand the experiment area of the sandy land consolidation area.Strengthen the cultivation of new business entities to carry out consolidation demonstration and promotion,select typical farmers and enterprises to carry out action research on the structured consolidation technology of sandy land,and promote the structured consolidation of sandy land.Strengthen the maintenance and supervision of the consolidation of sandy land to ensure the implementation of the trial of consolidation of sandy land.更多还原