【作者】 李涛；

【导师】 韩英； 霍堂斌；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究在松花江下游布设了5个采样点为汤原、佳木斯、桦川、富锦、同江,分别于2020年6月上旬和2020年9月下旬采集研究区域的样本,测定了水体的理化因子,检测浮游藻类和着生藻类的群落组成,分析了水生生物多样性,以及浮游藻类和着生藻类与环境因子的相关性。研究旨在探究松花江下游浮游藻类和着生藻类与环境因子的响应关系,为松花江下游水生生态系统检测评价和恢复提供科学依据,为松花江下游水生生态保护及污染修复与管理提供理论基础。实验结果如下:（1）环境因子:Chl-a的含量在2μg/L-5μg/L范围内,TP含量在0.10 mg/L-0.31 mg/L范围内,COD_Mn含量在4.10 mg/L-6.61 mg/L范围内,盐度含量在4.10 mg/L-6.61 mg/L范围内,TN含量在4.10 mg/L-6.61 mg/L范围内,EC含量在201μs/cm-301μs/cm范围内。在时间尺度上,夏季松花江下游COD_Mn、TN较高,盐度、EC较低;秋季松花江下游盐度、EC较高,COD_Mn、TN较低。在空间尺度上,富锦盐度、EC较高,Chl-a较低;同江Chl-a、COD_Mn较高,TP较低。TN在同一时间各采样点差异不大,不同时间差异较大。Pearson相关性分析表明,盐度与TN呈显著负相关,与EC呈显著正相关,TN与EC呈显著负相关。（2）浮游藻类:共鉴定出浮游藻类共6门93种,其中硅藻门的种类最多,其次是绿藻门和蓝藻门。夏季松花江下游浮游藻类数量均值为107.86×10⁴ ind/L,高于秋季的20.00×10⁴ind/L。夏季松花江下游浮游藻类的生物量均值为0.9482 mg/L,高于秋季的0.3038 mg/L。从多样性指数的角度分析松花江下游浮游藻类,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H值在1.36～2.86范围内,处于中污染;Pielou均匀度指数J值在0.48～0.82范围内,处于轻或无污染;Margalef种类丰富度D值在1.33～2.51范围内,处于α-中污染。综合分析松花江下游处于轻或中污染状态。（3）着生藻类:共鉴定出着生藻类共6门63种,其中硅藻门的种类最多。夏季松花江下游着生藻类数量均值为0.1245×10⁴ ind/L,低于秋季的0.3972×10⁴ ind/L。夏季松花江下游着生藻类的生物量均值为0.3378 mg/L,高于秋季的0.0044 mg/L。从多样性指数的角度分析松花江下游着生藻类,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H值在0.68～2.56范围内,除同江处于重污染外,其它采样点均处于中污染;Pielou均匀度指数J值在0.23～0.97范围内,大部分采样点处于轻-无污染,Margalef种类丰富度D值在1.08～2.95范围内,处于α-中污染。综合分析松花江下游处于轻或中污染状态。（4）浮游藻类及着生藻类与环境因子Pearson相关性分析:浮游藻类生物量与盐度呈显著负相关,着生藻类生物量与Chl-a、TP呈显著正相关。冗余分析（RDA）显示,影响松花江下游浮游藻类门类生物量的环境因子有TP、Chl-a、COD_Mn、EC、Chl-a和盐度,其中主要环境因子为TN、TP和EC;影响松花江下游着生藻类门类生物量的环境因子有TP、Chl-a、COD_Mn、EC、Chl-a和盐度,主要环境因子为TN、TP和COD_Mn。综上所述,通过松花江下游浮游藻类及着生藻类的综合分析,结果表明松花江下游处于轻或中污染状态。总氮、总磷和电导率是影响松花江下游浮游藻类的主要环境因子,总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数是影响着生藻类的主要环境因子。浮游藻类和着生藻类均可作为松花江下游水质监测的良好指示生物。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,five sampling sites were seted up in the lower reaches of Songhua River,namely Tangyuan,Jiamusi,Huachuan,Fujin and Tongjiang.Samples from the study area were collected in early June 2020 and late September 2020,respectively,and the physical and chemical factors of the water body were determined.The community composition of phytoplankton and parasitic algae was detected,and the aquatic biodiversity and the correlation between phytoplankton and parasitic algae and environmental factors were analyzed.The purpose of this study is to explore the response relationship between phytoplankton,algae and environmental factors in the lower reaches of Songhua River,so as to provide scientific basis for the detection,evaluation and restoration of aquatic ecosystem in the lower reaches of Songhua River.To provide a theoretical basis for aquatic ecological protection and pollution restoration and management in the lower reaches of Songhua River.The experimental results are as follows:（1）Environmental factors:the content of Chl-a is in the range of 2μg/L-5μg/L,the content of TP is in the range of 0.10 mg/L-0.31 mg/L,the content of COD_Mn is in the range of 4.10 mg/L-6.61mg/L,the content of salinity is in the range of 4.10 mg/L-6.61 mg/L,the content of TN is in the range of 4.10 mg/L-6.61 mg/L,and the content of EC is in the range of 201μs/cm-301μs/cm.On the time scale,the lower reaches of Songhua River has higher COD_Mn and TN,lower salinity and EC in summer,higher salinity and EC,lower COD_Mn and TN in autumn.On the spatial scale,Fujin has higher salinity and EC and lower Chl-a,while Tongjiang has higher Chl-a and COD_Mn and lower TP.There was no significant difference in TN among different sampling sites at the same time,but there was a great difference in different time.Pearson correlation analysis showed that salinity had a significant negative correlation with TN,a significant positive correlation with EC,and a significant negative correlation between TN and EC.（2）Phytoplankton:totally 6 phyla and 93 species of phytoplankton were identified,among which diatom was the most,followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta.In summer,the average number of phytoplankton in the lower reaches of Songhua River was 107.86×10⁴ ind/L,higher than 20.00×10⁴ ind/L in autumn。The average biomass of phytoplankton in the lower reaches of Songhua River in summer was 0.9482 mg/L,higher than that in autumn（0.3038 mg/L）.From the perspective of diversity index,Shannon Wiener diversity index H value fluctuated from 1.36 to 2.86,which was in the middle pollution;The Pielou evenness index J value fluctuated from 0.48 to 0.82,which was in the light or no pollution state;The D value of Margalef’s species richness fluctuated from 1.33 to 2.51,which was in the middleα-Pollution in the environment.Comprehensive analysis shows that the lower reaches of Songhua River are in light or medium pollution state.（3）Epiphytic algae:6 phyla and 63 species of epiphytic algae were identified,among which diatom phyla was the most.In summer,the average number of epiphytic algae in the lower reaches of Songhua River is 0.1245×10⁴ ind/L,lower than 0.3972×10⁴ ind/L in autumn.The average biomass of epiphytic algae in the lower reaches of Songhua River was 0.3378 mg/L in summer,which was higher than 0.0044 mg/L in autumn.From the perspective of diversity index,the H value of Shannon Wiener diversity index fluctuated from 0.68 to 2.56,and all sampling sites were in medium pollution except Tongjiang;Pielou evenness index J value fluctuated from 0.23 to 0.97,most of the sampling sites were in light pollution-free,Margalef species richness D value fluctuated from 1.08 to 2.95,which was in low pollutionα-Pollution in the environment.Comprehensive analysis shows that the lower reaches of Songhua River are in light or medium pollution state.（4）Correlation analysis between phytoplankton,phytoplankton and environmental factors Pearson:there was a significant negative correlation between phytoplankton biomass and salinity,and a significant positive correlation between phytoplankton biomass and Chl-a,TP.Redundancy analysis（RDA）showed that the environmental factors affecting phytoplankton biomass in the lower reaches of Songhua River were TP,Chl-a,COD_Mn,EC,Chl-an and salinity.The main environmental factors affecting phytoplankton biomass in the lower reaches of Songhua River were TP,Chl-a,COD_Mn,EC,Chl-a and salinity,and the main environmental factors were TN,TP and COD_Mn.To sum up,through the comprehensive analysis of phytoplankton and algae in the lower reaches of the Songhua River,the results show that the lower reaches of the Songhua River is in a state of light or medium pollution.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus and electrical conductivity are the main environmental factors affecting phytoplankton in the lower reaches of Songhua River,and total nitrogen,total phosphorus and permanganate index are the main environmental factors affecting algae.Both phytoplankton and algae can be used as good indicators for water quality monitoring in the lower reaches of Songhua River.更多还原