【作者】 徐敏；

【导师】 解玉军；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 世界史， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 橄榄球运动起源于英国,距今已有将近二百年的历史,是一项已经高度职业化的运动。与许多现代足球一样,这项运动来源于前工业社会的民间足球。19世纪中期,英国工业化发展迅速,压缩了传统体育运动的发展空间,民间足球逐渐衰落,橄榄球和足球因运动规则不同而分流。起初,英式橄榄球运动是中产阶级的专属运动。在强健派基督教影响下,以公学学生为主的中产阶级坚持英式橄榄球运动应该走业余道路,崇尚绅士道德品质,不以挣钱为目的。19世纪70年代以后,英国工人阶级广泛加入橄榄球运动,促使橄榄球运动职业化发展。工人阶级职业球员要求俱乐部雇主支付他们因比赛而产生的误工费。职业球员在橄榄球领域的话语权越来越大,触及了中产阶级的利益。19世纪末期,英国社会关系紧张,工人阶级实力上升,英格兰北部橄榄球运动职业化进一步发展。由于英式橄榄球联合会疯狂禁止所有职业化行为,最终酿成1895年的橄榄球大分裂,英式橄榄球运动由此分裂成为联盟式橄榄球和联合会式橄榄球两家。英式橄榄球运动职业化的形成与工人阶级的阶级需求、资产阶级的经济利益关系密切,双方对于橄榄球职业化和业余化的争论具有深层政治性。这些问题的解决方式既体现了英国文化的调节能力,又体现了英国现代化进程的发展轨迹。即使英式橄榄球运动的外部规则发生改变,其内在意义仍然存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rugby is a highly professional sport which originated in England and has a history of nearly 200 years.Like many modern football,this sport originated from the folk football in the pre-industrial society.In the middle of the 19th century,the rapid development of industrialization in England compressed the development space of the traditional sports,the folk football gradually declined.Rugby and football were separated because of the different sports rules.Originally,rugby was the exclusive sport of the middle class.Under the influence of Muscular Christian,the middle class which was dominated by public school students insisted that rugby should take the road of amateurism,advocate the moral character of gentlemen,and not make money as the goal.After the 1870s,the British working class joined rugby extensively,which promoted the professional development of rugby.The professional players of working class asked club employers to pay for their lost time due to the game.Professional players had more and more voice in the field of rugby.They interfered with the interests of the middle class.At the end of the 19th century,British social relations were tense,the strength of the working class rose,and the professionalism of rugby in northern England further developed.Due to the crazy prohibition of all professional activities by the Rugby Association,rugby split in 1895,which led to the division of rugby into Rugby League and Rugby Union.The professionalism of rugby is closely related to the demands of the working class and the economic interests of the bourgeoisie.The debate over professionalism and amateurism is deeply political.The solution to these problems not only reflects the adjustment ability of British culture,but also reflects the development track of Britain’s modernization process.Even if the external rules of rugby change,its internal significance still exists.更多还原