【作者】 吴国宏；

【导师】 熊何健； 刘智禹；

【作者基本信息】 集美大学 ， 食品加工与安全（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 “北参南养”在福建已形成规模,并且逐年扩大,成为福建海产养殖的主要品种之一,但海参加工方式单一,资源得不到有效利用。海参花是海参在繁殖期成熟的性腺器官,含有海参的卵和精子,素有“参中黄金”之称。参花中含有丰富的营养成分和多种多样的生物活性物质,这些生物活性物质具有抗氧化、增强免疫,舒缓血压、降低血脂等多种生物活性功能。本研究以海参花为原料,采用外源性蛋白酶水解工艺,通过小鼠实验检测海参花酶解物的抗氧化活性和增强免疫活性,为海参花产品的工业化开发和精深加工提供参考。主要研究内容和结论分述如下:1.通过多酶比较确定了木瓜蛋白酶为水解用酶。利用单因素实验与响应面优化实验确定水解条件为酶解时间为14 h,酶添加量3000 U/g,料液比1:40,p H值为7.0,酶解温度为55℃。酶解液灭酶后经离心、浓缩、干燥后得到的粉状海参花酶解物。其主要成分含量分别为蛋白多肽48.4%,灰分16.8%,粗脂肪12.4%,水分9.8%,总糖8.4%,海参皂苷1.1%。2.海参花酶解物体外清除自由基活性与其浓度呈量效关系。清除OH·的IC₅₀值为5.92 mg/m L,回归方程:y=0.039x+0.269,R²=0.994;清除DPPH·的IC₅₀值为3.42 mg/m L,回归方程y=13.9x+7.077,R²=0.999。3.采用乙醇氧化损伤模型考察海参花酶解物对小鼠体内抗氧化活性的影响。实验结果表明,海参花酶解物对小鼠生长和体重增长无明显影响,能显著性降低小鼠血清中的MD A含量（P<0.05）和极显著性降低小鼠肝脏中的MDA含量（P<0.01）;可以极显著性降低小鼠肝脏中蛋白羰基水平含量（P<0.01）;可以显著性增强小鼠血清中的SOD的活力水平（P<0.05）和极显著性增强小鼠肝脏中的SOD的活力水平（P<0.01）;可以显著性提高小鼠肝脏中的GSH的水平含量（P<0.05）。海参花酶解物在体内抗氧化实验中表现出良好的抗氧化活性,具有抗氧化功能作用。4.海参花酶解物增强免疫实验结果表明,海参花酶解物对小鼠的体重和各脏器器官（肝脏、脾脏、胸腺）无显著影响,通过迟发型变态反应实验海参花酶解物能明显提高小鼠的足跖厚度（P<0.05）,通过血清溶血素实验海参花酶解物能极显著增加小鼠的抗体积数（P<0.01）,通过小鼠碳廊清实验海参花酶解物能明显提高小鼠腹部巨噬细胞的吞噬指数（P<0.05）。研究说明海参花酶解产物具有调节免疫功能作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The North sea cucumber farming in the south in Fujian has been fully developed,and the yield increased year by year,has become one of the main varieties of Fujian marine culture,but the sea cucumber processing way is single,resources not used effectively.Sea cucumber is a sea cucumber in the reproductive period of mature gonad organs,containing sea cucumber eggs and sperm,known as the sea cucumber in the gold.The sea cucumber gonads which contains rich nutrients and various bioactive substances,these bioactive substances have antioxidant,enhanced immunity,relieve blood pressure,reduce blood fat and other biological functions.In this study,the sea cucumber gonads as raw material,using exogenous protease hydrolysis,antioxidant activity of sea cucumber by gonadal enzyme detection in mice hydrolysate and enhance immune activity,provides the reference for the industrialization development of sea cucumber gonad products and deep processing.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:1.The effect of solution through the comparison of various enzymes,determined using enzyme of papaya protease.Using single factor experiment and response surface optimization,the hydrolysis conditions were determined as 14 h,3000 U/g,and the feed liquid ratio of 1:40,p H value was 7,and the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 55.The enzymatic hydrolysate of the sea cucumber gonads was obtained after centrifugation,concentration and drying,The sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates of main components were protein 48.4%,ash 16.8%,crude fat 12.4%,water 9.8%,total sugar 8.4%,holothurin 1.1%.2.The activity of free radical scavenging activity of the enzymatic hydrolysate of sea cucumber in vitro was related to the concentration of free radical.The IC₅₀ value of·OH is 5.92mg/m L,and the regression equation was y=0.039x+0.269,R²=0.994,The IC₅₀ value of DPPH·is 3.42 mg/m L,and the regression equation is y=13.9x+7.077,R²=0.999.3.Study of antioxidant activity in vivo of mice with ethanol oxidative damage model.The experimental results show that the sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates on the growth of mouse weight had no obvious effect;It can significantly reduce the content of MDA in sera of mice（P<0.05）and significantly decreased the content of MDA in liver of mice（P<0.01）;It can significantly reduce the content of protein carbonyl in the liver of mice（P<0.01）;It can significantly enhance the serum SOD activity（P<0.05）and a significant increase in mouse liver SOD activity（P<0.01）;It can significantly improve the content of mouse liver GSH（P<0.05）.The sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates showed good antioxidant activity in vivo antioxidant experiments,has antioxidant function.4.The sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates immune experiment results show that the weight of mice and the organs of sea cucumber gonads enzyme（liver,spleen and thymus）was not affected by delayed type,hypersensitivity test of sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates can significantly improve the paw thickness of mice（P<0.05）;the serum hemolysin test of the sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates can significantly increase the number of antibody in mice（P<0.01）;mice by carbon clearance experiment of sea cucumber gonad hydrolysates could promote the phagocytic index of mice abdominal macrophage（P<0.05）.The research shows that the product of the gonad of sea cucumber has the function of regulating the immune function.更多还原