“可能V了（个）假N”流行语构式研究

【作者】 赵越；

【导师】 王永德；

【作者基本信息】 上海财经大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在前人研究基础上,以流行构式“可能V了(个)假N”为研究对象,运用构式语法、认知理论、模因论等对“可能V了(个)假N”进行了考察。首先,进行构式鉴定,归类表现形式,分析了“可能V了(个)假N”的构件和整体结构。总结出“可能”一词的表达功用,即该词为结构产生隐含义增加可能性。从历时角度描写了“假N”的发展历程和特性,对比各阶段的感情色彩变化,总结为中性→贬义→褒贬不定。总结构式中“假N”是一种“语用否定”,具有[+述物]或[+述人]以及[+评价]的语义特征,构式中“假”常否定N的概念意义或联想意义。阐述“假”的形容词模糊性和等级性,归纳构件间的关系。其次,演绎构式义的语用推理过程,整理两大类预期偏离类型(偏离叙说者预期、偏离叙说者所处的社会共享预期或常理)。总结该构式主要以“消极评价义”为主,归纳出不同话语功能的对应关系和使用情况。并且通过图示演示“假”的认知范畴。再次,分别从书面语和会话交际入手,概括构式的语用特征。阐述该构式在语篇中的位置,及它对语篇中其他句子形成引导、总结、顺承三方面作用。位于语篇中间时起顺承作用,此时该构式既对前面句子进行总结,也对后面句子进行引导。关注标题功能,总结此构式概括性、幽默性和醒目性的特点。运用主观性和交互主观性理论,分析该构式在会话交际中的委婉功用。最后,分析了“可能V了(个)假N”的流行机制,认为该构式产生过程可概括为:具体事件→语义虚化→语义泛化→语言类推。从模因论角度探究了“可能v了(个)假N”成为强势模因的原因(模仿性、复制性、传播性)。根据语料分布的时间变动,推测其是一个变动型模因,其演变途径可能为:弱势模因→强势模因→弱势模因。论文尝试从句法、语义、语用三个层面描写“可能V了(个)假N”特点,分析了其中的规律。文章认为,该构式以“假N”褒贬不定的感情色彩为核心,运用“语用否定”的方式,在“范畴化”的认知背景下,形成了以“消极评价义”为主的构式义,话语功能的产生条件能与不同的预期偏离情况相对应。并且,该构式在书面语和口语交际中具有突出的表达功用,在使用和传播的过程中发展为一个“变动型”模因。同时,预测该构式未来会随语言表达的需求产生更为丰富的变异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the review of previous studies,this paper takes the popular construction “ kě néng V le(gè)jiǎ N”as the research object,and uses the construction grammar,cognitive theory and memetics to investigate“ kě néng V le(gè)jiǎ N”.First of all,the structure was identified and classified,analysis of the“ kě néng V le(gè)jiǎ N”components and the overall structure.This paper sums up the expression function of the word“kě néng”which increases the possibility of implicit meaning of structure.From the diachronic point of view,it describes the development and characteristics of “jiǎ N”in detail,and compares the emotional color changes in various stages: neutral → derogatory → uncertain.In summary construction.It is concluded that “jiǎ N” is a pragmatic negation in construction,has the semantic characteristics of [+ description of things] or [+ description of people] and [+ evaluation],“jiǎ ”in construction often negates the conceptual or associative meaning of N.This paper expounds the fuzziness and hierarchy of“ jiǎ ”adjectives,and sums up the relationship between components.Secondly,by analyzing the pragmatic reasoning process of deductive construction.Sorting out two types of expected deviation(deviation from the narrator’s expectation,deviation from the narrator’s social shared expectation or common sense).This paper summarizes that the construction is mainly based on "negative evaluative meaning",sums up the corresponding relationship and usage of different discourse functions,and demonstrates the cognitive category of “ jiǎ ”through illustrations.Thirdly,it generalizes the pragmatic features of construction from written language and conversational communication.This paper expounds the position of this construction in the text and its functions in guiding,summarizing and following other sentences in the text.When it is located in the middle of the text,it plays a role of continuity.At this time,it not only summarizes the previous sentences,but also guides the later ones.Pay attention to the function of the title,and summarize the characteristics of the structure,such as generality,humor and conspicuity.Based on the theory of subjectivity and interactive subjectivity,this paper analyzes the euphemism function of this construction in conversational communication.Finally,the popular mechanism of “kě néng V le(gè)jiǎ N ”is analyzed,and the formation process can be summarized as: concrete event →semantic virtualization → semantic generalization → language analogy.From the perspective of memetics,this paper explores the reasons why “kě néng V le(gè)jiǎ N ” has become a strong meme(imitation,replication,dissemination).According to the temporal variation of the corpus distribution,it is speculated that it is a variable meme,and its evolution path may be: weak meme → strong meme → weak meme.This paper attempts to describe the characteristics of“kě néng V le(gè)jiǎ N ” from three aspects of syntax,semantics and pragmatics,and analyzes the rules.This paper holds that this construction takes the emotional color of “jiǎ N ”as the core,using the way of "pragmatic negation" and under the cognitive background of "categorization",forms a variety of construction meanings with " negative evaluative meaning " as the main part,and the generating conditions of discourse function correspond to different expected deviations.In addition,the construction shows outstanding expressive function in written and oral communication,and develops into a variable meme in the process of use and communication.At the same time,it is predicted that this construction will produce more variety with the demand of language expression in the future.更多还原