【作者】 陈丹；

【导师】 刘田玉；

【作者基本信息】 中南财经政法大学 ， 法律硕士（法学）（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 民事强制执行中,面对层出不穷的执行措施,建立健全被执行人权利救济制度是必由之路。此文以民事案件中被执行人为切入点,分析被执行人权利救济的基本内涵,从被执行人享有救济权的理论,被执行人权利救济现状以及我国被执行人权利救济制度化的路径几个关键性问题对我国民事执行中被执行人权利救济制度体系化阐述。本文从理论到实践,从实践再到理论的完善的递进式研究路径,结合国外经验的基础上,完善我国民事执行中被执行人权利救济制度。因此,本文在内容上分为四个部分。导论部分,主要是本文选题的国内外研究综述,同时涵盖了本文选题的缘起、选题研究的思路与方法等问题。立足权利侵害论的传统研究思路,以程序法为中心,体系化的从权利保障和权利侵害正反两方面论证被执行人权利救济制度。第一章全方位介绍对民事执行领域中被执行人权利救济制度的基本内容。一方面从广度出发,对该制度进行系统性介绍,由救济之源,引至被执行人权利救济制度具体内涵,再到进一步分析被执行人权利救济之特征和范畴。另一方面,从深度着手,理论上阐明被执行人权利救济的正当性。具体而言,首先,从权利保障、权力制约、制度价值三个维度论述民事执行中确立被执行人权利救济制度的立论之基;其次,从享有救济权、存在侵害及纠正侵害行为三个角度阐释被执行人权利救济制度的必要性。第二章剖析我国被执行人权利救济制度存在的现状,于现状中发现的问题并进行成因分析。通过纵向回顾我国被执行人权利救济发展进程,检思我国被执行人权利救济制度所面临困境,分析困境所形成原因。与案外人执行异议之诉相比,被执行人实体权利救济制度如遗编断简;与实现债权人权益的执行措施相比,被执行人权利救济制度完善望尘莫及。具体而言,被执行人困于实体权利之保障,程序权利规定遗漏,执行审查机制残缺,执行回转制度错位。第三章从国外现有实践,吸取经验,借鉴可行建议为之所用。该部分从比较法考察了英国的当事人主义模式下针对不同执行方法的救济程序;德日民事领域在程序上的执行异议和抗告制度,实体上的债务人异议之诉。基于此,我国的被执行人权利救济制度不完善之处显而易见,制度化的被执行人权利救济制度应吸收经验,以程序权利和实体权利的构建为前提补齐补全短板。第四章作为本文的重点内容,主要论述了我国民事执行中被执行人权利救济制度化完善的问题。首先,理念是前提,制度是保障,理念通过具体制度得以实现,具体来说,基于权利救济理念区分程序和实体权利,基于利益平衡理念归位执行回转制度,基于分权制衡理念平衡执行权,基于审执分离理念“以诉救实”。其次,具体到完善路径选择上,从两方面进行构建,程序权利方面,完善债务人执行异议制度和规范执行机关的异议审查程序予以保障;从实体权利方面,增设执行回转的非讼程序和构建债务人异议之诉制度予以救济。最后,制度的实现离不开健全的监督机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 In civil enforcement procedure,in the face of the endless stream of enforcement measures,it is the only way to establish a sound relief system for the rights of the executed.This article takes the enforced person in a civil case as the starting point,analyzes the basic connotation of the enforced person’s right relief,from the theory of the enforced person’s right to relief,the current situation of the enforced person’s right relief,and the path of institutionalization of the enforced person’s right relief in China.Key Issues on the Systematization of the Rights Relief System of the Enforced in Civil Execution in China.This article from theory to practice,from practice to theory to improve the progressive research path,combined with foreign experience,to improve China’s civil execution of the rights of the relief system.Therefore,this article is divided into four parts.The introductory part introduction to the basic content of the right relief system of the enforced is mainly research summaries and also covers the origin of the topic selection,the ideas and methods of topic selection research.Based on the traditional research thinking of the theory of rights infringement,centering on procedural law,systematically demonstrate the right relief system of the enforced from the aspects of right protection and right infringement.The first chapter comprehensively discusses the basic content of the enforced person’s rights relief system.On the one hand,from breadth it systematically introduces the enforced person’s rights relief system in civil execution,from the source of relief,to the enforcement relief,and finally the characteristics and scope of the enforced person’s rights relief.On the other hand,From the depth it clarifies the legitimacy of the right relief of the enforced in theory.Specifically,first of all,from the three dimensions of rights protection,power restriction,and system value,the foundation of the argument for establishing the remedy system of the enforced person’s rights in civil enforcement is discussed.Explain the necessity of the relief system for the rights of the enforced.The second chapter analyzes the current situation of China’s enforced person’s right relief system,analyzes the problems found and analyzes the causes.Through a longitudinal review of the development of the relief of the rights of the executed in China,we examine the difficulties faced by the system of the relief of the rights of the executed in China,and analyze the causes of the difficulties.Compared with the lawsuit against the execution of an objection by an outsider,the rights remedy system of the enforced person is succinct;compared with the enforcement measures to realize the rights and interests of creditors,the rights relief system of the enforced person is far beyond perfect.Specifically,the enforced person is trapped in the protection of the rights of the entity,the procedural rights are omitted,the enforcement review mechanism is incomplete,and the implementation reversal system is misplaced.The third chapter draws on the experience of foreign countries,draws on experience,and draws on feasible suggestions for its use.This part examines from the comparative law the relief procedures for different enforcement methods in the British party-oriented model;procedural enforcement objections and protests in the civil field in Germany and Japan;and entity debtor objections.Based on this,the imperfections of the enforced person’s rights relief system in China are obvious.The institutionalized enforced person’s rights relief system should absorb experience and complete the shortcomings on the premise of the construction of procedural rights and entity rights.The fourth chapter,as the key content of this article,mainly discusses the issue of perfecting the institutionalization of the right relief of the enforced in civil execution..First of all,the idea is the premise and the system is the guarantee.The idea is realized through the specific system.Specifically,the procedure and the entity rights are distinguished based on the concept of right relief,the reversion system is implemented based on the concept of balance of interests,and the right of execution is balanced based on the concept of decentralization.Based on the concept of separation of trials and trials,"salvation is saved by litigation." Secondly,in terms of improving the path of choice,we will construct it from two aspects.From the aspect of procedural rights,we will improve the debtor’s enforcement objection system and regulate the objection review procedure of the enforcement agency.From the aspect of real rights,we will add non-litigation procedures for enforcement and construct the debtor.The opposition system provides relief.Finally,the implementation of the system is inseparable from a sound supervision mechanism.更多还原