【作者】 陈功；

【导师】 杨丽艳； 陈功；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 从2018年至2019年一年多的时间里,中国的对外贸易经济遭遇了严重危机。美国以受到中国不公平贸易对待致其长期遭受巨额贸易逆差为由,打着公平贸易原则的旗号,要求与中国等世界各国实现实质互惠,并对中国实施贸易制裁措施,引发两国贸易争端。事实上,美国对外巨额贸易逆差等问题的根源不在中国,而在自身。如何解决其内部经济结构性问题,如实行不利于出口的税收管制政策、国内低储蓄率、民粹主义、阶层固化以及贫富差距过大等问题已经成为了其世纪难题。因此美国对中国挑起贸易争端,实质上是对以世贸组织为核心的国际多边贸易体制发起的挑战,继而转嫁国内矛盾,遏制新兴经济体的崛起,继续维护其世界霸主地位。面临如此紧迫的窘境,中国最大的问题也不在美国,而在自己。应对贸易争端本质上也是一场改革的较量,谁能够在国际经贸争端中清晰地认识到自身的优势与局限,主动从根源上寻求解决矛盾的关键,把握历史机遇,在国际、国内层面完善自身,推动国际多边经济局势朝着公平互利方向发展,谁才能够占据主动地位,为本国创造有利的国际、国内环境从而实现可持续发展。因此,冷静分析本次中美贸易争端下美国贸易保护的主要法律方式及其影响,直击矛盾的关键,顺应历史潮流深入推进改革从而完善自身就显得尤为重要。虽然中美双方已经达成第一阶段《中美经贸协议》,但贸易争端的形势仍然严峻,同时美国公布《2019年中国WTO合规报告》,在全方位阻击中国的同时对我国展开了新一轮的要价。有鉴于此,本文在考察研究中美贸易争端下美式贸易保护的主要法律方式的基础上,深入分析其给中美双方所带来的不同影响,同时总结我国当前在国内、国际不同层面所采取的相关法律和政策手段在应对贸易争端中的经验与教训,并据此有针对性地对我国在未来可能采取的法律应对策略提出建议。本论文由引言和正文部分构成,正文部分主要包括了四个大部分。第一部分“中美贸易争端下美式贸易保护的主要法律方式”主要是概述中美贸易争端及其产生的直接原因,并在此基础上对美国在当前两国贸易争端中针对中国使用的,具有美国特点的几种主要的贸易保护的法律方式进行解读,具体包括“232调查”、“301调查”、“337调查”、“长臂管辖”、出口管制等几项措施。本文对以上措施从不同方面各有侧重地进行深入研究分析,把握其本质特征。第二部分“美式贸易保护的主要法律方式对美国和中国的影响”则是在第一部分对美式贸易保护的主要法律方式进行研究解读的基础上,从中美两国的不同方面,进一步分析以上各项贸易保护的主要法律方式对于双方所造成的不同影响,具体包括对美国的积极影响和消极影响,以及对中国在司法、“中国制造2025战略”、“一带一路”的建设等多方面的影响。第三部分“我国现行应对中美贸易争端下美式贸易保护的主要法律方式的法律和政策”主要是在前两部分对中美贸易争端下,美式贸易保护的主要法律方式与其所造成的影响等各方面进行全面解读的前提下,梳理分析我国当前在国内外应对美式贸易保护以及贸易争端的主要法律和政策等策略。其中国内层面主要以《对外贸易法》为核心疏解我国相关的应对贸易保护的主要法律法规,国际层面则是从双边与多边这两个不同的国际贸易争端解决方式的角度,探讨我国在应对贸易保护方面所取得的成就以及尚存的不足,同时重点分析了2020年签订的第一阶段《中美经贸协议》及美国发布的《2019年中国WTO合规报告》,总结了相关经验和教训,为下文我国未来采取相应的应对策略提供前车之鉴。在此基础上,第四部分“对于我国未来可能采取的法律应对建议”重点针对前文美式贸易保护的主要法律方式所带来的影响,和我国在现阶段应对美式贸易保护的主要法律方式尚存的不足及总结出的相关经验教训,从国际、国内不同角度出发,有针对性地提出未来我国可以采取的相关法律应对策略。总而言之,本文希望通过上述内容的写作,为我国在当前中美贸易争端下,美国实行贸易保护对我国造成不利的国际经贸环境的背景下,对于有效应对美式贸易保护手段提供具体的解决路径,并为我国深化改革开放,扩大对外贸易交往,完善国内相关法律政策和机制,提供一系列切实可行的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 2018 to 2019,China’s foreign trade economy encountered a serious crisis.The United States is under the banner of fair trade principles on the grounds that it has suffered huge trade deficits for a long time due to China ’s unfair trade treatment.It demands substantial reciprocity with China and other countries in the world,provokes trade disputes and imposes trade sanctions on China.In fact,the root cause of America’s huge foreign trade deficit is not in China,but in itself.How to solve its internal economic structural problems,such as the implementation of tax control policies that are not conducive to exports,low domestic savings rates,populism,class solidification,and the wide gap between the rich and the poor,have become problems of the century.Therefore,the U.S.provoking trade disputes with China is essentially a challenge to the international multilateral trading system with the WTO as the core,which in turn transfers domestic contradictions,curbs the rise of emerging economies,and continues to maintain its world dominance.Faced with such an urgent dilemma,China’s biggest problem is not in the United States,but in itself.Dealing with trade disputes is essentially a reform contest.Who can clearly recognize their own advantages and limitations in international economic and trade disputes,actively seek the key to solving conflicts from the roots,seize historical opportunities,and improve themselves at the international and domestic levels In order to promote the development of the international multilateral economic situation in the direction of fairness and mutual benefit,who can take the initiative and create a favorable international and domestic environment for the country to achieve sustainable development.Therefore,it is particularly important to calmly analyze the main legal methods and impact of US trade protection under this Sino-US trade dispute,to directly confront the key to contradictions,and to follow the historical trend to further promote reforms and improve ourselves.Although China and the United States have recently reached the first phase of the "China-US Economic and Trade Agreement," the situation of the trade dispute is still grim.At the same time,the United States released the "2019 China WTO Compliance Report",which has launched a new one for China while blocking China in all aspects.The asking price of the round.In view of this,on the basis of investigating and studying the main legal methods of US-style trade protection under the Sino-US trade dispute,this article deeply analyzes the different impacts it has brought to both China and the United States,and at the same time summarizes the current domestic and international different levels Relevant legal and policy measures in dealing with trade disputes and lessons learned,and according to this,we will make targeted suggestions on possible legal response strategies that our country may adopt in the future.This thesis consists of an introduction and a body part.The body part mainly includes four parts.The first part "Main legal methods of US-style trade protection under Sino-US trade disputes" is mainly to summarize the Sino-US trade disputes and their direct causes,and on this basis,the United States uses China against China in the current trade disputes between the two countries.Interpretation of several major legal methods of trade protection characterized by the United States,including "232 investigation","301 investigation","337 investigation","long arm jurisdiction",export control and other measures.This article focuses on the in-depth research and analysis of the above measures from different aspects,and grasps its essential characteristics.The second part "The impact of the main legal methods of American trade protection on the United States and China" is based on the first part of the study and interpretation of the main legal methods of American trade protection.The main legal methods of trade protection have different impacts on both parties,including the positive and negative impacts on the United States,as well as China ’s impact on justice,the “Made in China 2025 Strategy”,and the construction of the “Belt and Road”..The third part "China’s current laws and policies on the main legal methods of US-style trade protection under Sino-US trade disputes" is mainly on the main legal methods of American-style trade protection and their impacts under the first two parts of the Sino-US trade dispute.On the premise of a comprehensive interpretation of all aspects,combing and analyzing China’s current domestic and foreign major laws and policies to deal with US-style trade protection and trade disputes.Among them,the domestic level mainly uses the "Foreign Trade Law" as the core to unravel China’s relevant laws and regulations on trade protection,and the international level discusses China’s response to trade from the perspective of two different ways of international trade dispute settlement,bilateral and multilateral.The achievements and deficiencies that have been achieved in protection,while focusing on the analysis of the first phase of the "China-US Economic and Trade Agreement" signed in 2019 and the "2019 China WTO Compliance Report" issued by the United States,summarizing relevant experience and lessons,It will provide a lesson for the country to adopt corresponding countermeasures in the future.On this basis,the fourth part of "Recommendations for possible legal response to China in the future" focuses on the impact of the previous main legal methods of American trade protection and the main legal methods of China’s response to American trade protection at the current stage.The shortcomings and relevant lessons learned,from different perspectives at the international and domestic levels,put forward the relevant legal response strategies that our country can adopt in the future.All in all,this article hopes that through the writing of the above content,in the context of the current Sino-US trade dispute,the United States implements trade protection in the context of the international economic and trade environment that is detrimental to China,and provides a specific solution path for effectively responding to US-style trade protection measures Provide a series of practical and feasible suggestions for China to deepen reform and opening up,expand foreign trade exchanges,improve domestic relevant legal policies and mechanisms.更多还原