【作者】 杨雪；

【导师】 杨金东；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 社会工作， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国对精神健康问题越来越重视,精神障碍者逐渐引起社会各界人士的广泛关注。在经过药物治疗后,很多精神障碍者的精神症状缓解,并一定程度上恢复自知力。但是,由于自身个性和家庭等多种因素的影响,重返社会并不容易。随着治疗目标和理念的不断更新,精神障碍者的社交焦虑等心理问题越来越为大家所重视。因此,帮助康复期精神康复者改善社交焦虑,更好的融入社会,具有重要意义。根据笔者在X精神康复机构的实习,通过参与观察以及需求评估,了解到会员最主要的问题包括存在社交焦虑,缺乏社交技巧以及缺乏自信心、自我评价低,社会融入困难等。而机构也很重视让会员在每日的会所活动中融入集体,重新感悟生命的意义,减轻社交焦虑,逐步回归社会,减少复发及再住院率。笔者在实习期间,运用社交焦虑量表,对会员及社区内共32名精神障碍者进行了基线调查,了解到所调查的精神障碍者的社交焦虑水平,又通过与会员深入的交谈,了解会员社交焦虑的表现及影响因素。发现精神障碍者的社交焦虑成因涉及个人主观因素、外部客观因素两方面。个人因素包括性格内向,存在非理性的认知,否定性的自我评价,自卑心理,缺乏自信心,社交技能缺乏等。外部因素包括家庭的过度保护和社会歧视等。本研究通过小组活动,从提升精神障碍者的自信心和自我评价,帮助学习社交技能知识两方面进行小组介入;并在组织参与“共创戏剧”等大型活动过程中,有意识地为改善家庭过度保护和社会歧视等影响服务对象社交焦虑的客观环境作出努力。将认知行为理论、心理社会理论、社会支持网络理论,作为介入过程的理论指导,改善会员的社交焦虑问题。运用Liebowitz社交焦虑量表作为评估工具,对小组工作的介入效果进行评估。结果表明:开展以改善认知,提升自信心和提高社交技能为主题的小组活动,可以改善服务对象的社交焦虑问题。同时外部环境的改善也可有效缓解服务对象的社交焦虑问题。小组活动和融合活动结合的方法在改善精神障碍者社交焦虑问题方面具有有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the emphasis on mental health issues in China,people with mental disorders have gradually aroused widespread concern in the community.After receiving medical treatment,many people with mental disorders relieve their mental symptoms and restore their self-knowledge to a certain extent.However,due to the influence of various factors such as one’s own personality and family,reintegration into society is not easy.With the continuous updating of treatment goals and concepts,social problems such as social anxiety of people with mental disorders are getting more and more attention.Therefore,it is of great significance to help the mental rehabilitation people in the rehabilitation period to improve social anxiety and better integrate into the society.According to the internship of the author in X mental rehabilitation institution,through participation observation and needs assessment,I learned that the main problems of members include the existence of social anxiety,lack of social skills and lack of self-confidence,low self-evaluation,and difficulties in social integration.The organization also attaches great importance to allowing members to integrate into the group in daily club activities,re-sense the meaning of life,reduce social anxiety,gradually return to society,and reduce the rate of relapse and re-hospitalization.During the internship period,the author used a social anxiety scale to conduct a baseline survey on 32 members with mental disorders in the community and learned about the level of social anxiety of the mentally-disabled people surveyed.The performance and influencing factors of social anxiety.It is found that the causes of social anxiety of people with mental disorders involve personal subjective factors and external objective factors.Personal factors include introverted personality,irrational cognition,negative self-evaluation,inferiority complex,lack of self-confidence,lack of social skills,etc.External factors include excessive family protection and social discrimination.In this study,through group activities,group interventions were carried out from the aspects of enhancing the self-confidence and self-evaluation of people with mental disorders and helping to learn social skills;and participating in large-scale activities such as "co-creating dramas",consciously aimed at improving excessive protection for families And social discrimination and other objective environments that affect the social anxiety of the clients.Cognitive behavior theory,psychosocial theory,and social support network theory are used as theoretical guidance for the intervention process to improve members’ social anxiety.Use the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale as an evaluation tool to evaluate the intervention effect of group work.The results show: that group activities with themes of improving cognition,self-confidence,and social skills can improve the social anxiety of clients.At the same time,the improvement of the external environment will also affect the effective relief of social anxiety of clients.The combination of group activities and integration activities is effective in improving social anxiety in people with mental disorders.更多还原