【作者】 张腾；

【导师】 陈金华； 罗继杰；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 工程（建筑与土木工程）（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 能源作为人类赖以生存的基石,见证着每一次科技的极大进步和生产力质的飞跃,而我国目前面临着诸多能源问题,对此政府提出了能源革命,聚焦清洁供给、电为核心。另外,建筑运行能耗在全年总能耗中占比较重,做好建筑绿色高效供热工作对缓解我国能源问题举足轻重,随着国家实力逐渐雄厚、军队水平持续发展,我军营房建筑供热需求迅速扩大。结合以上两点,预期将助推一波电供热浪潮。本文基于课题组已研制出的新型设备提出了一种适用于极寒地区的集加热、加压、软化于一体的空化供热系统,能源供给为光伏直驱,其应用不受环境温度限制,符合部分地处极寒营区的供热需求;其可实现能源自给且绿色高效、安全可靠,能有效缓解我军目前多数营房建筑供热能源短缺、排污严重、效果较差的现状;其结构简单、体型较小,针对我军营房分布“多、散、点”的特点,可作为分布式热源点位供热,同时解决营房同大空间建筑共用热源、冷热失衡的问题;其可远程控制、全自动运行、无需加压及软化水设备,能充分弥补我军营区供热系统维护管理水平较低、软化水设备老化等漏洞,从而改善我军战士生活水平,保障我军战斗力形成。为研究该新型供热系统,本文从空化发生原理上分析了空泡内温度及压强分布,并针对本文所述空化发生器结构提出了全新计算方法。同时建立了实验平台和示范工程,对此分别进行了实验测试,采用正平衡法计算得出该空化供热设备热效率随着供回水温度的升高而降低,综合热效率约为98%;出水有0.2～0.3MPa的余压,可完全满足营房建筑的热水循环需求,无需安装额外加压设备;经空化后水呈弱碱性,水中钙镁离子含量明显降低,水的硬度较小,无需额外安装软化水装置。根据营房建筑特点采用DesignBuilder建立了建筑模型,经实际运行数据验证,模型误差为4.6%,小于ASHRAE导则指标要求。根据实际情况提出了两种设计方案并分别进行了全寿命周期费用计算,方案一对应偏远地区营房建筑,全寿命周期费用:燃煤<燃油<光伏空化,光伏空化供热系统全寿命周期费用仅比燃油锅炉高3%,但减少排放大气污染物1.90t、CO₂163.27t,燃煤锅炉虽费用最低,但污染物排放量最高;方案二对应城镇郊区营房建筑,全寿命周期费用:燃气<光伏空化<常规电,光伏空化供热系统（有补贴）全寿命周期费用比常规电锅炉低35.27%,比燃气锅炉高出73.00%,但减少排放大气污染物249.02kg、CO₂488.20t。光伏空化供热系统全寿命周期费用主要集中在初投资中,其有望随着科学技术的发展成熟和规模化生产得到有效改善。综合分析,光伏空化供热系统安全可靠、绿色高效,尤其对于无法使用热泵的高寒营房点位供热优势突出,可完美解决我军在此方面面临的棘手问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the cornerstone of human survival,energy is witness the great progress of science&technology and the qualitative leap of productivity.At present,China is facing many energy problems.To this end,the government has proposed energy revolution,focusing on clean supply and electricity.In addition,building operation energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption.Doing a good job in building green and efficient heating is of great importance to alleviate above energy problems.Combining the above two points,it is expected to boost a wave of electric heating.With the gradual growth of the national strength and the continuous development of the army,the heating demand of our military barracks buildings has expanded rapidly.This article proposes a cavitation heating system that integrates heating,pressurization,and softening.The energy supply is photovoltaic.It can achieve energy self-sufficiency and is environmental friendly,efficient,safe and reliable,which can effectively ease the current situation of energy shortage,serious pollution discharge and poor effect of most barracks in our army.Its structure is simple and its size is small.According to the characteristics of"multiple,scattered and point"distribution of our barracks,it can be used as a distributed heat source for spot heating.It can be remotely controlled,fully automatic operation,without pressure and softened water equipment,which can fully compensate for the shortcomings of the maintenance and management level of the heating system of the military barracks and the aging of the softened water equipment.So as to improv the life quality of our army soldiers and guarantee the formation of our combat effectiveness.In order to study this new type of heating system,this paper analyzes the temperature and pressure distribution in the cavity from the principle of cavitation occurrence,and proposes a new calculation method for the cavitation generator structure described in this article.At the same time,At the same time,an experimental platform and a demonstration project were established,and experimental tests were conducted respectively.The positive equilibrium method was used to calculate that the thermal efficiency of the cavitation heating equipment decreased with the increase of the supply and return water temperature,and the overall thermal efficiency was about 98%.Besides the heat supply,the effluent water still has a residual pressure of 0.2～0.3MPa,which can fully meet the heating needs of barracks buildings without the need to install any additional pressurized equipment.After cavitation,the water quality is optimized,and it is weakly alkaline,the content of calcium and magnesium ions in the water is significantly reduced,and the hardness of the water is relatively small,no need to install additional water softening device.According to the characteristics of the barrack building,this paper uses the DesignBuilder to build a building model.The actual operation data verified that the model error was 4.6%,which was less than the ASHRAE guidelines.According to the actual situation,two design schemes are proposed and full life cycle cost calculations are carried out respectively.Scheme I corresponds to barracks buildings in remote areas.The full life cycle cost:coal burning<fuel oil<photovoltaic cavitation.The full life cycle cost of photovoltaic cavitation heating system is only 3%higher than that of oil-fired boilers,but it reduces the emission of atmospheric pollutants by 1.90t and CO₂163.27t.Although the cost of coal-fired boilers is the lowest,the pollutant emissions are the highest.Scheme II corresponds to the construction of urban and rural barracks,and the life cycle cost:gas<Photovoltaic cavitation<Conventional electricity.The full life cycle cost of photovoltaic cavitation heating system is 35.27%lower than conventional electric boilers,73.00%higher than gas boilers,but reduces air pollutants 249.02kg,CO₂488.20t.The full life cycle cost of photovoltaic cavitation heating system is mainly concentrated in the initial investment,which is expected to be effectively improved with the development of science and technology and large-scale production.Comprehensive analysis,the photovoltaic cavitation heating system is environmental friendly,efficient and has outstanding advantages,which can perfectly solve the current difficult problems in the heating of our military barracks.更多还原