【作者】 张琼；

【导师】 孟浦；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 全科医学（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:了解高校社区老年人的生活质量及影响因素;探索提高居家养老老年人生活质量的干预方法;发挥社区功能:社区评估、预防疾病、分级诊疗。方法:采取结构化问卷方便抽样,由经过统一培训的社区医师对华中科技大学社区卫生服务中心、老年活动中心、校内广场及生活区长居的60岁及以上、能主动或被动配合完成问卷内容并签署知情同意书的老年人进行封闭式的问卷调查。调查整理后数据录入到Epidate3.1,用SPSS 26.0统计分析软件对导出数据进行分析,采用T检验、单因素分析、多元线性回归分析等对数据进行处理。结果:共向某高校社区老年人发放了400份调查问卷,378名老年人接受了该问卷调查(答复率为94.5%)。因为数据不完整或条件不符合删除了10份无效问卷,最后纳入368份有效问卷进行统计。PCS平均分为41.71(标准差10.06),MCS平均分为49.83(标准差7.40)。此外,该社区老年人在总体健康维度GH(44.9±25.60)得分最低,在心理健康维度MH(75.20±16.27)得分最高。年龄、衰弱状态、锻炼与老年人的PCS存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。老年人(β=-0.227,P=0.000)和长寿老年人(β=-0.103,P=0.001)的PCS显著低于年轻老年人。衰弱前期者(β=-0.327,P=0.000)和衰弱状态者(β=-0.368,P=0.000)的PCS显著低于强壮者。每周规律参加锻炼者(β=0.355,P=0.000)的PCS显著高于不参加锻炼者,每周偶尔锻炼者(β=-0.029,P=0.484)的PCS与不参加锻炼者无显著差异。抑郁状态、衰弱状态、锻炼情况与老年人的MCS存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。处于抑郁状态者(β=-0.227,P=0.000)的MCS显著低于无抑郁状态者。处于衰弱前期者(β=-0.159,P=0.003)的MCS显著低于强壮者。每周参加规律锻炼者(β=0.182,P=0.003)的MCS显著高于未参加锻炼者。结论:华中大高校功能社区,老年人的生理健康水平基本达到我国部分发达地区的平均水平,心理健康水平高于我国部分发达地区的平均水平;年龄、衰弱程度、抑郁状态、锻炼情况与老年人的健康相关生活质量存在显著相关性;通过改善老年人的精神状态,早期评估并干预老年人的衰弱状态,定量指导老年人运动(运动类型、运动时间、频率、强度),有望提高老年人的生活质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE: To understand the quality of life and its influencing factors of the elderly in college community;To explore the intervention methods to improve the quality of life of the aged at home;Performs the function of a community function:community assessment,disease prevention,hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS: A structured questionnaire is used for convenient sampling.Community doctors who have undergone unified training are actively and passively cooperating to complete and sign the questionnaire for community health service centers,elderly activity centers,squares and living areas in Huazhong University of Science and Technology,who are 60 and older.Elderly people with informed consent conduct a closed questionnaire survey.After finishing the survey,the data was entered into Epidate3.1,and the exported data was analyzed with SPSS 26.0 statistical analysis software.The data were processed by T test,single factor analysis,multiple linear regression analysis,and so on.RESULTS: A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to the elderly in a community of a university,and 378 elderly people accepted the questionnaire(the response rate was 94.5%).10 invalid questionnaires were deleted because the data was incomplete or the conditions were not met,and finally 368 valid questionnaires were included for statistics.The average PCS was 41.71(standard deviation 10.06),and the average MCS was 49.83(standard deviation 7.40).In addition,the elderly in the community scored the lowest in the overall health dimension GH(44.9 ± 25.60)and the highest in the mental health dimension MH(75.20 ± 16.27).Age,debilitating state,exercise have a significant correlation with the PCS of the elderly(P <0.01).The PCS of the elderly(β=-0.227,P = 0.000)and long-lived elderly(β=-0.103,P = 0.001)was significantly lower than that of the younger ones.The PCS of the pre-weakened(β =-0.327,P = 0.000)and debilitated(β=-0.368,P = 0.000)was significantly lower than that of the strong.The weekly PCS of participants who exercise regularly(β= 0.355,P = 0.000)was significantly higher than those who did not participate in exercise,and the weekly PCS of occasional exercisers(β=-0.029,P = 0.484)showed no significant difference from those who did not.Depression,weakness,and exercise have a significant correlation with MCS of the elderly(P <0.01).Those with depression(β=-0.227,P = 0.000)had significantly lower MCS than those without depression.The MCS of those in the pre-weak period(β=-0.159,P = 0.003)was significantly lower than that of the strong.Weekly exercise participants(β= 0.182,P =0.003)had significantly higher MCS than those who did not.CONCLUSION: In the functional community of huazhong university of science and technology,the physical health level of the elderly has basically reached the average level of some developed regions in China,and the mental health level is higher than the average level of some developed regions in China.Age,frailty,depression,and exercise were significantly correlated with the health-related quality of life of the elderly.By improving the mental state of the elderly,early assessment and intervention of the elderly state of frailty,quantitative guidance of the elderly exercise(exercise type,exercise time,frequency,intensity),is expected to improve the quality of life of the elderly.更多还原