【作者】 王琪；

【导师】 冶艳杰；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 差比句是汉语中具有特色的一类句式,一直以来都是汉语教学的重点和难点。有关差比句的对外汉语教学研究日益丰富。现有的差比句教学研究主要集中在分析汉语学习者差比句偏误的类型及产生原因,并从传统教学法的角度提出教学建议。传统教学法固然在对外汉语差比句教学中有着举足轻重的作用,但构式—语块教学法将学习者从人类认知共性引导到汉语的个性中,能帮助学习者更好地理解差比句,对汉语差比句的教学也有一定的指导意义。本文以构式—语块教学法为基础,探讨汉语差比句教学,主要研究内容如下:第一,在构式—语块教学法理论研究的基础上,综合分析构式—语块教学法的依据,并从语言类型学的角度结合汉语差比句本体研究分析运用构式—语块教学法进行汉语差比句教学的可行性。第二,从形式和意义上对汉语差比句重新分类:以“比”字句为基础,分为一般性状比较和动作性状比较。在此基础上进行数量扩展可以得到一般性状的数量比较和动作性状的数量比较;进行程度扩展可以得到一般性状的程度比较、动作性状的程度比较和一般性状的数量程度比较。同时,在“比”字句的基础上通过变换得到否定式“不比”句和不及式“没有/不如”句。以该分类为基础,在构式—语块分析法的指导下分析相对应的构式语块链和各语块的内部结构规则。第三,以北京语言大学的HSK动态作文语料库2.0为基础,考察分析留学生差比句偏误作为教学设计的依据。偏误分析发现:“比”字句偏误集中在比较结果上,“没有”句的偏误主要是比较词混用,“不如”句偏误则以比较项为主。第四,运用构式—语块教学按照法循序渐进的教学原则,较为系统地设计汉语差比句教学,并提出了一些教学建议。在教学设计的基础上,设计强化练习巩固所学,针对可能存在的偏误设计纠偏练习以减少学习者偏误。本文运用构式—语块教学法分析研究汉语差比句教学,其创新之处在于:根据差比句的语块链和各语块内部结构规则设计教学帮助学习者更好地把握差比句句式,并且更深入地理解差比句的含义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese comparative sentences is a special sentence in Chinese.It has always been the focus and difficulty of Chinese teaching.The research of Chinese comparative sentences on the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language has become more and more abundant.The current research on comparative sentences teaching mainly focuses on analyzing the types of bias and the causes of bias.most of the research put forward teaching suggestions from the perspective of traditional teaching methods.Although traditional teaching methods play a decisive role in the teaching of comparative sentences in Chinese as a foreign language,the construction-chunk analysis method guides learners from human cognitive generality to Chinese individuality,which helps learners to better understand the comparative sentences and has some guiding significance for the teaching of Chinese comparative sentences.Based on the construction-chunk teaching method,this paper discusses the teaching of Chinese differential comparative sentences.The main contents are as follows:First,on the basis of the theory study of the construction-chunk teaching method,we comprehensively analyze the basis of the construction-chunk teaching method,and from the perspective of language typology,analyze the feasibility of the constructionchunk teaching method in teaching Chinese differential sentences by combining the Chinese comparative sentences noumenon.Second,from the form and meaning,we reclassify the Chinese Comparative Sentences: Based on the "Bi" sentence,it is divided into general character comparison and movement character comparison.By comparing the degree of general character,the degree of movement character and the degree of general character,we can get the negative "no comparison" sentence and the infrequent "no / not" sentence based on the "Bi" sentence.Under the guidance of the construction-chunk analysis,the corresponding structural chunk chains and the internal structural rules of each chunk are analyzed.Third,based on the HSK dynamic composition corpus 2 of Beijing Language and Culture University,this paper investigates and analyzes the errors of students’ comparative sentences and make teaching design.According to the result we finds that the errors of "Bi" are mainly concentrated in the comparison results.The errors of "Bu Bi" are mainly concentrated in the comparative markers.The errors of "Bu Ru" are mainly concentrated in the comparative items.Fourth,the teaching of Chinese comparative sentences is systematically designed by using construction-chunk teaching method in accordance with the principles of gradual and progressive teaching.Some teaching suggestions are put forward.On the basis of instructional design,intensive exercises are designed to consolidate learning and to design corrective exercises for possible errors in order to reduce learners’ errors.In this paper,the construction-chunk teaching method is used to analyze the teaching of Chinese comparative sentences.The innovation lies in the following aspects: designing teaching according to the chunk chains of the comparative sentences and the rules of the internal structure of the blocks,helping the learners to grasp the comparative sentences patterns better,and further understand the meaning of the difference better than the sentence.更多还原