【作者】 李晗；

【导师】 廖利；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 餐饮垃圾和填埋场渗滤液是我国生活垃圾管理面临的两大难题。餐饮垃圾营养物质丰富,是厌氧消化系统中非常理想的底物,但其单独厌氧消化容易产生酸抑制现象,对消化效果产生严重的影响;而老龄渗滤液中溶解性有机物（Dissolved organic matter,DOM）含有大量的难降解腐殖质,难以处理,但另一方面,微生物在填埋场的厌氧环境下经过长期的驯化,具有极强的适应能力,是很好的厌氧消化菌种。本论文将餐饮垃圾和老龄填埋场渗滤液联合进行厌氧消化研究,以研究在不同餐饮垃圾负荷和接种污泥添加量条件下DOM的转化过程,探寻餐饮垃圾和填埋场老龄渗滤液处理新技术途径。实验研究针对餐饮垃圾负荷对老龄渗滤液DOM转化的影响研究,选择学生食堂餐饮垃圾和填埋场老龄渗滤液作为消化原料,进行了8组厌氧消化实验。初始餐饮垃圾负荷从5 g TS/L等量增加至35 g TS/L,作为参照,同步进行了渗滤液单独厌氧消化。实验研究过程中,在不同时间段对消化液取样,进行了三维荧光光谱分析,并对p H、氨氮和DOC等特性参数进行了分析,同时记录了沼气产生情况。实验结果表明,最佳餐饮垃圾负荷为5 g TS/L。不同初始餐饮垃圾负荷厌氧消化系统的DOM降解率达到81.43%～91.62%,类富里酸和类胡敏酸合计P_i,n（相对荧光强度）约88%,与厌氧消化前相比仅增加5%左右,DOM中腐殖质被大幅降解,可降解有机物被转化利用。当餐饮垃圾负荷为5 g TS/L时,DOM降解率达到84.25%,最终类富里酸和类胡敏酸合计P_i,n为91.87%,（37）_T,n（总荧光强度）最大,产气量也高达餐饮垃圾单相厌氧消化的理论最大值的443%。为了考察接种物的影响,以餐饮垃圾初始负荷为5 g TS/L为基本条件,进行了接种污泥添加量对联合厌氧消化影响的实验研究,污泥添加量分别为0%、5%、10%。实验结果表明,在各组试验系统中,DOM降解率达到81.43～86.59%,类富里酸和类胡敏酸合计P_i,n为90%以上,与厌氧消化前相比仅增加5%左右,DOM中腐殖质被大幅降解,可降解有机物被转化利用。当添加10%的活性污泥时DOM降解率略高,为86.59%,（37）_T,n也更大,但整体上区别不明显,表明10%活性污泥对DOM降解有轻微的促进作用,可降解有机物转化程度更大。但添加5%、10%活性污泥会对沼气产量起明显抑制作用,沼气产率为0.24 L/g TS、0.80 L/g TS,仅为单相餐饮垃圾厌氧消化的理论最大值的30%、22%,在实际应用中可不考虑活性污泥的添加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Food waste and landfill leachate are two major problems faced by domestic waste management in China.Food waste is rich in nutrients and is a very ideal substrate in the anaerobic digestion system,but its anaerobic digestion alone is prone to acid inhibition,which has a serious impact on the digestion effect;while the dissolved organic matter（DOM）in the aged leachate contains a large amount of refractory humus,which is difficult to handle.On the other hand,after long-term domestication in the anaerobic environment of the landfill,microorganisms have strong adaptability and are good anaerobic digestion bacteria.In this thesis,anaerobic digestion of food waste and aged landfill leachate are combined to study the transformation process of DOM under different food waste loads and inoculated sludge addition conditions,and to explore new treatments for food waste and landfill leachate.Experimental research is aimed at the effect of food waste load on the transformation of DOM in the aged leachate,8 groups of anaerobic digestion experiments were carried out by selecting the food waste in student canteens and the aged leachate in landfills as digestion materials.The initial food waste load was increased from 5 g TS/L to 35 g TS/L.As a reference,a separate anaerobic digestion of leachate was performed simultaneously.During the experimental study,the digestive juice was sampled at different time periods,three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was performed,and characteristic parameters such as p H,ammonia nitrogen and DOC were analyzed,and the biogas production was recorded.The experimental results show that the optimal food waste load is 5 g TS/L.The DOM degradation rate of the anaerobic digestion system with different initial food waste loads reaches 81.43%～91.62%,and the total P_i,n（relative fluorescence intensity）of fulvic acid and humic acid-like acid is about 88%,which is only increased about 5%compared to initial anaerobic digestion,the humus in the DOM is greatly degraded,and the degradable organic matter is transformed and utilized.When the food waste load is 5 g TS/L,the DOM degradation rate reaches 84.25%,and the final P_i,n of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like acid is 91.87%,（37）_T,n（total fluorescence intensity）is the largest,and the gas production is also up to 443%of the theoretical maximum of single-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste.In order to investigate the impact of inoculum,the initial load of food waste is 5 g TS/L as the basic condition,and an experimental study on the effect of inoculated sludge addition on anaerobic co-digestion is carried out.The sludge addition is 0%,5%and 10%.The experimental results show that in each group of test systems,the DOM degradation rate reached 81.43～86.59%,and the total P_i,n of fulvic acid and humic acid was more than 90%,which was only about 5%increase compared with initial anaerobic digestion.The humus in DOM is greatly degraded,and the degradable organic matter is transformed and utilized.When 10%activated sludge is added,the DOM degradation rate is slightly higher,reaching86.59%,and（37）_T,n is also greater,but the overall difference is not obvious,indicating that10%activated sludge has a slight promotion effect on DOM degradation.The degree of transformtion of degraded organic matter is greater.However,the addition of 5%and 10%activated sludge will significantly inhibit biogas production.The biogas production rate is0.24 L/g TS and 0.80 L/g TS,which is only 30%and 22%of the theoretical maximum value of anaerobic digestion of single-phase food waste.In practical applications,the addition of activated sludge can be ignored.更多还原