【作者】 王孟；

【导师】 樊葳葳；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 言语行为理论是奥斯汀(1962)首次提出的,他指出语言并不只是陈述某事,而是在做某事。同时他提出了言语行为理论三分说,将交际中的言语分为发话行为,施事行为和取效行为。后来奥斯汀的学生赛尔(1969)在继承和批判奥斯汀的日常语言哲学分析理论和方法的基础上,将施事行为分为五类:阐述类行为、指令类行为、承诺类行为、宣告类行为和表达类行为。梵迪克(1976)在奧斯丁和塞尔言语行为理论的基础之上,将言语行为理论引入文学研究中,并首次提出文学语用学,指出文学作品可从宏观言语行为和微观言语行为两个方面进行分析。英国作家简·奥斯汀堪称为一名语言大师,在她的作品中,充斥着大量的人物对话,揭示出小说人物鲜明的特色,推动小说情节发展。她擅长在字里行间描写女子婚姻和家长里短来反映英国乡绅阶级的生活。作为简·奥斯汀最成熟的作品(克雷克1965),《爱玛》最能代表奥斯汀的写作风格,展现奥斯汀笔下的语言魅力。但以往的研究者大都从女性意识,婚姻观等角度对《爱玛》进行研究,很少有对小说中呈现的大量的人物对话进行语用分析。因此,本文采取数据分析和案例分析的研究方法。首先,根据赛尔对施事行为的分类标准,在《爱玛》中收集出329条阐述类言语行为,36条指令类言语行为,29条承诺类言语行为和205条表达类言语行为,共599条人物话语作为研究对象。然后分别从宏观言语行为和微观言语行为两个层面展开分析。宏观言语行为指作者和作品与读者和社会的对话,包括对《爱玛》的结构和主题的言语行为探究;微观言语行为指小说人物对话产生的施事行为,本文对《爱玛》中人物使用的阐述类言语行为、指令类言语行为、表达类言语行为和承诺类言语行为进行分析。研究结果发现在宏观层面上,奥斯汀通过设定戏剧化的情节结构,凸显出小说人物从无知走向成熟的人生历程;同时,奥斯汀以奈特立先生的言语为口吻,向读者传递主题思想。在微观层面上,不同类型的言语行为在小说《爱玛》中的分布并不均匀,阐述类言语行为使用频率最高。不同小说人物对于各种类型的言语行为应用率也各不相同,不同选择的背后实质上揭露人物背后的性格特征和社会地位属性。本文通过对《爱玛》中的言语行为进行分析,帮助读者更好地理解《爱玛》人物对话的真实意图,更好地欣赏简·奥斯汀笔下独特的语言魅力。此外,将言语行为理论应用于文学研究中,揭示了语用学和文学研究具有广大的合作空间,验证了语用学的普适性和实践性特征,为未来语用学和文学研究带来一定的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 John Austin(1962),who puts forward speech act theory,has pointed out that language is not just stating something,but doing something.He has divided speech act in communication into locutioanry act,illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.Later,on the basis of inheriting and criticizing John Austin’s philosophical analysis theory and method of daily language,Austin’s student John Searle(1969)has further divided illocutionary act into five categories.On the basis of Austin and Searle’s speech act theories,Van Dijk(1976)has introduced speech act theory into literary studies and first proposes literary pragmatics,pointing out that literary works can be studied from two aspects: macro speech act aspect and micro speech act aspect.The British novelist Jane Austen is a master of language use.In her works,there are thousands of dialogues by the characters she has created.Those dialogues reveal the distinctive personalities of characters and promote the development of the plot.As the most mature work of Jane Austen(Craik 1965),Emma can best represent Austen’s language use style and show the charm of Austen’s language.However,in the past,most researchers have studied Emma from the perspectives of female consciousness and marriage view,and rarely make pragmatic analysis on the large number of dialogues presented in Emma.Therefore,this thesis adopts the research methods of data analysis and case study,initially collecting 329 assertive speech acts,36 directive speech acts,29 commissive speech acts and 205 expressive speech acts,totally 599 dialogues of characters in Emma as the research subjects according to Searle’s(1969)classification criteria of illocutionary act.Besides,the thesis is carried out from the two aspects: macro speech act and micro speech act.Macro speech act refers to the dialogues between the author and the work with the reader and the society,it includes the exploration of the theme and plot structure of speech acts in Emma;micro speech act refers to the illocutionary act realized by dialogues of characters in Emma,therefore this thesis makes detailed analysis of four types of speech act used by characters.It is found that from the macro aspect,Austen highlights the life process of the characters from ignorance to maturity by setting dramatic plot structures.Meanwhile,Austen conveys themes to readers in the tone of Mr.Knightley’s speech acts.From the micro aspect,different types of speech acts are not evenly distributed in Emma,and the frequency of the assertive speech act is the highest.The application rates of different types of speech acts by different fictional characters are also different.The different choices reveal the personalities and social status behind the characters.This thesis makes a tentative analysis of the speech acts in Emma,so as to help readers better understand the real intentions behind the dialogues and appreciate the unique charm of language in Emma.In addition,the application of speech act theory in literary research reveals that pragmatics and literary studies have a vast space for communication,verifies the universality and practicality of pragmatics,and brings some references to future pragmatics and literary studies.更多还原