【作者】 李森；

【导师】 关守平；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 由于我国淡水资源较为匮乏,普通农业灌溉易造成水资源大量浪费;此外,化肥的过度使用,虽提高了作物产量,但同时也造成了土壤板结、土壤盐碱化等问题。因此,为满足精准农业的要求,实现农业的可持续发展,灌溉、施肥的精准化势在必行,其不仅可以节水、节肥,保护土壤环境,而且可以减少人力需求,实现农业的自动化、智能化。水肥一体化技术是近年来的热点技术,而在此研究领域,国内起步较晚。国外在20世纪30年代就开始了在这一领域的研究。其中以色列、荷兰、加拿大等国家的技术最为出色,这些国家已经实现了产品的系列化。而在国内,70年代开始引入第一台设备,90年代才开始进行相关的研究,且研究开发大多还处于实验室阶段。国外设备虽然已实现系列化,但价格昂贵,维护困难,并不适应中国的小规模农业的特点。因此,结合国内情况,开发研究适合国内需求的水肥一体机十分必要。本文中,结合农业温室大棚的环境和温室生产的具体要求,参照学习了国外水肥一体化设备的具体情况和相关研究。在专业农业栽培技术的指导下,结合控制技术和信息技术,设计开发了一套水肥一体机系统,并在相关的一些控制方法上做了研究。控制系统使用了 PLC和触摸屏,设计了在线式管路结构,通过对于数字调节阀和水泵的控制,实现灌溉水与多路肥料的流量控制,使之呈现一定配比。本文还设计开发了监控各环境参数的数据变送器,实现对于空气温湿度、土壤温湿度,光照强度等变量的数据采集。利用控制器接收处理参数,并通过DTU数据传输模块将数据上传至服务器,实现对于温室大棚的远程监控。本文在对灌溉水和多路水溶肥的流量控制方面,研究了常用的比值控制系统结构,分析了其存在的优缺点;验证了调和控制的结构的独特优势。采用适应调和控制方法,实现对于调和权值的在线调整,使用了分布估计算法UMDA对于PID控制器参数进行优化。并通过仿真验证了算法与控制的有效性。本文的主要工作包括:水肥一体机管路部件的硬件设计,电气部件相关硬件设计、各个部件相对应的软件设计等。UMDA分布估计算法在PID参数优化上的应用。此外,也在适应调和结构应用于水肥一体机方面进行了仿真研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the lack of fresh water resources in our country,ordinary agricultural irrigation can easily lead to a lot of waste of water resources;Moreover,the overuse of chemical fertilizers increasing crop yields,has also resulted in degradation of soil compaction and salinization.Therefore,to meet the requirements of precision agriculture,realize the sustainable development of agriculture.In order to meet the requirements of precision agriculture,it is imperative to realize the sustainable development of agriculture and the precision of irrigation and fertilization.It can not only save water,save fertilizer,protect the soil environment,but also reduce labor costs,to achieve agricultural automation,intelligent.Water and fertilizer integration technology is a hot area in recent years,and in the field,the domestic started late.In the 1930s,foreign countries started their research in this field.Among them,Israel,the Netherlands,Canada and other countries have the best technology.These countries have achieved serialization of their products.In China,the first equipment was introduced in the 1970s,and the related studies began in the 1990s,and most of the research and development is still in the laboratory stage.Although foreign equipment has been serialized,but the device is expensive,the maintenance is difficult,it does not meet the characteristics of China’s small-scale agriculture.Therefore,combining the domestic situation,it is necessary to develop a water-fertilizer machine that is suitable for domestic demand.In this paper,combine with the specific environment of agricultural greenhouse and the specific requirements of greenhouse production.Reference and learn the specific situation of foreign water and fertilizer integration equipment and related research.Under the guidance of agricultural cultivation technology,combined with control technology and information technology,we designed and developed a water-fertilizer integrated machine system,and do some research of the related control methods.The control system uses a combination of PLC and touch screen.Design of online pipeline structure.Through the digital control valve and pump control,irrigation water and multi-channel fertilizer flow control to show a certain ratio.In this paper,we also design and develop a data transmitter that monitors the environmental parameters to achieve data acquisition of variables such as air temperature and humidity,soil temperature and humidity,light intensity and so on.The controller receives and processes these parameters and uploads the data to the server via the DTU data transfer module.Realize remote monitoring of greenhouse.In this paper,in the flow control of irrigation water and water-soluble fertilizer multiple aspects,we study the commonly used ratio control system,analyze its advantages and disadvantages.We verified the unique advantages of harmonic control architecture.We adopt adaptive harmonic control methods to achieve online modulation of harmonic weights.We use the distribution estimation algorithm UMDA for PID controller parameter optimization.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm and control.The main work of this paper includes:the hardware design of the pipeline components of water-fertilizer integrated machine,the hardware design of electrical components and the software design of each component.Application of UMDA Distribution Estimation Algorithm in PID Parameter Optimization.Applying the adaptive control structure to the related research of water and fertilizer integrated machine.更多还原