齊佩瑢文字學理論研究

【作者】 王倩；

【导师】 党懷興；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 漢語言文字學， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 我國漢字研究歷史悠久,文字學起於周秦,興在兩漢,大成於有清一代。20世紀初,西方語言學思想的傳入以及出土文獻的增廣,爲漢字起源等懸而未決的漢字基本問題提供了更多的研究資料,椎轮爲大辂之始,科學的文字學體系的構建也隨之展開。齊佩瑢在文字學、訓詁學等多個領域都卓有建樹,其著有《中國文字學概要》(1942)和《訓詁學概論》(1943)以及10餘篇語言文字相關的論文。20世紀上半階段,文字學的內涵並未統一,部分學者認爲文字學實則包含文字、音訓、訓詁三大部分。齊氏的兩本專著分述了文字學和訓詁學相關問題,將文字學限定在主要研究漢字形體結構的範圍內,搭建一個科學的文字學體系。本文在全面觀照齊佩瑢文字學相關著述的基礎上,對齊佩瑢文字學理論進行整理,並系統地總結齊佩瑢文字學理論的成就與不足,力爭在文字學史上給其一個客觀、公正的評價。全文共分爲四個部分:第一,緒論。包括兩方面內容:其一,介紹齊佩瑢文字學理論的研究現狀,指出現有研究存在的問題及研究意義;其二,簡介研究思路和研究方法。第二,介紹齊佩瑢生平及其主要著述。齊佩瑢著有專著:《中國文字學概要》《訓詁學概論》。其語言文字相關論文有十餘篇,但部分如《釋打》《相反爲訓辨》等僅有存目。第三,對齊佩瑢的文字學理論進行全面的梳理與歸納,包括漢字和漢語的關係、漢字起源、漢字性質、漢字形體演變、六書等五個方面。關於漢字和漢語的關係,齊佩瑢認爲漢字記錄漢語是一個漸進的過程,初期的漢字並不記錄漢語。關於漢字起源,齊佩瑢認爲漢字的產生與社會生產等關係密切,並根據安特生的考古材料以及傳世文獻記載,認爲漢字在夏代已經產生。另外,關於漢字源頭這一問題,齊佩瑢則承其師沈兼士的觀點,認同漢字起源於文字畫。關於漢字性質,齊佩瑢從漢字和漢語的關係以及造字角度對漢字進行定性,但是總體上,他是同意漢字是表意文字的。關於漢字的形體演變,齊氏從體制和體勢兩個方面論述漢字形體演變,並介紹了甲骨文、鐘鼎文等十種字體概況。除此之外,齊氏還對漢字演變規律、漢字改革方式、漢字改革運動等都提出了自己的觀點。關於六書,齊佩瑢遵循許慎之定義對各書進行説解,並認爲六書皆爲造字法。另外,齊氏對象形、指事、會意雖進行了對比研究,但實際上齊氏對這三書的界定並不清楚,對部分例字的解釋也存在證據不足等問題第四,總結齊佩瑢文字學理論的成就與不足。齊佩瑢在漢字和漢語的關係、漢字改革、六書等方面都提出了新見解,並結合出土材料對《説文》部分字形演變提出自己的觀點,但是由於接觸的古文字材料有限以及時代的限制等,其部分觀點存在可商之處。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese graphology has a long history,which began in Zhou and Qin Dynasties.Besides,it began to prosper in Han Dynasty and had a prosperous time in Qing Dynasty.At the beginning of the twentieth century,linguistics began to spread in China and more and more cultural relics was discovered,which promoted the studying of basic questions of Chinese characters.Also,the scientific system of Chinese graphology began to set up.Qi Peirong was proficient at Chinese graphology and Chinese traditional exegetics,who had two monographs:Introduction to Chinese characters and Introduction to Chinese traditional exegetics.And he also had lots of papers about Philology.Scholars had different understandings of the concept of Chinese graphology in the first half of the twentieth century.Some scholars pointed out that Chinese graphology including the study of Chinese characters,Chinese traditional exegetics and phonology.Qi Peirong thought that Chinese graphology mainly researched the configuration of Chinese characters and he tried to set up a scientific system of Chinese graphology.This paper tries to assess Qi Peirong equitably basing on sorting out and researching huge volumes of materials of his theories of Chinese graphology.The paper can be divided into 4 parts:Part Ⅰ,introduction.The introduction is composed of two parts.Firstly,providing an overview of the previous studies about Qi Peirong’s theories on Chinese characters and pointing out its achievements and shortcomings.Secondly,introducing the purpose and method of this study.Part Ⅱ,explaining Qi Peirong’s monographs.Qi Peirong had two monographs:Introduction to Chinese characters and Introduction to Chinese traditional exegetics.And he also had lots of papers about Philology,in which some were not be published.Part Ⅲ,analyzing and concluding Qi Peirong’s theories about Chinese characters.His theories include the relation between Chinese characters and Chinese language,the origin of Chinese characters,the nature and characteristics of Chinese characters,the form of Chinese characters and Liushu.About the relation between Chinese characters and Chinese language,Qi Peirong thought that the process of Chinese characters recording Chinese language was gradual.About the origin of Chinese characters,Qi Peirong thought that the pictographic symbols were the origin of Chinese characters which inherited Shen Jianshi’s view.Besides,Qi Peirong pointed out that Chinese characters have been produced in Xia Dynasty.About the nature and characteristic of Chinese characters,generally speaking,Qi Peirong thought Chinese characters look pictographic and ideograph as its basic feature.Also he observed the the nature of Chinese characters by studying the relation between Chinese characters and Chinese language and the process of character-building.About the form of Chinese characters,Qi Peirong analyzed it from different aspects and described oracle bone inscriptions,inscriptions on ancient bronze objects,etc.Meanwhile,Qi Peirong put forward his own opinions on the evolution of Chinese characters,the reform of Chinese characters,reform of writing system movement,etc.About Liushu,Qi Peirong gave a new definition according to Xu Shen’s definitions.Moreover he thought Liushu was a way of word building in Chinese.In addition,Qi Peirong contrasted pictograph method,deictic method and associative method.But we found that his research was pretty blurry.We also found that his explanations of example words were insufficient.Part IV,summing up advantages and disadvantages of Qi Peirong’s theories about Chinese characters.He put forward some new ideas on Chinese graphology.Moreover he gave his new opinions on the evolution of Chinese characters in Shuowen Jiezi which were questionable.更多还原