高中生相貌刻板印象对第三方干预行为的影响

【作者】 乌日娜；

【导师】 张宝山；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 “路见不平,拔刀相助”的侠义之情为人所称道的同时,也为我们生动的描绘了第三方干预行为的发生场景。学者将第三方干预行为定义为旁观不公平事件的第三方看到不公正事件后,为维护他人权益付出自身的代价的行为(Ohtsubo,2018)。第三方干预行为作为一种利他行为,对维护社会公平与社会规范,促进合作行为具有重要的研究意义。在高中阶段这个特殊的发展阶段,第三方干预行为有利于高中生在群体中建立与保持合作关系,有利于环境中群体内个体遵守公共规范、维护公共环境安全(Fiedler,2017)。研究表明,相貌刻板印象可能对第三方干预行为存在影响(Putz,2017)。但这些研究多用逻辑推测的方式分析内隐相貌刻板印象对第三方干预可能的影响,少有研究为内隐相貌刻板印象与第三方干预行为之间关系提供更直接、更有利的实验证据,也未曾深入的讨论外显相貌刻板印象对第三方干预行为的影响以及不同外显相貌刻板印象间的第三方干预行为是否存在差异。本研究从以往研究局限入手,从内隐与外显两个角度探讨高中生相貌刻板印象对其第三方干预的影响。本研究采用实验室实验法,共包含两个实验。以下分开论述:在实验一中,主要实验目的在于探讨内隐相貌刻板印象对第三方干预行为的影响。该实验共招募107名被试,自变量(内隐相貌刻板印象)的测量任务是外在情感西蒙任务,因变量(第三方干预)的测量任务是独裁者任务。其实验结果表明:(1)高中生对“人美心恶”与“人丑心善”两种条件下的反应时显著高于“人美心善”与“人丑心恶”两种条件;(2)不同内隐相貌刻板印象对于第三方干预行为的表现存在差异,具体来说,倾向于认为“人美心恶”的个体在第三方干预选择的反应时与投入上高于其他各内隐相貌刻板印象组。在实验二中,主要实验目的是探讨是否存在明显的外显相貌刻板印象以及不同的外显相貌刻板印象对第三方干预行为的影响。该实验共招募了 138名被试,要求被试阅读启动材料完成启动试验,接着进行启动检验,最后完成第三方干预任务。其实验结果表明,(1)外显相貌刻板印象启动对于第三方干预行为存在消极影响。与对照组相比,外显相貌刻板印象启动组的被试做出的第三方干预行为更少,做出第三方干预行为选择的反应时更长,愿意为第三方干预行为做出的投入更低;(2)不同外显相貌刻板印象对于第三方干预行为的表现存在差异,“人丑心恶组”与“人美心恶”两组做出的第三方干预行为更多,做出第三方干预行为选择的反应时更短,第三方干预行为做出的投入更多。基于此,本研究得出以下结论:(1)高中生倾向于认为面孔吸引力高的个体拥有更多的消极品质而面孔吸引力低的个体拥有更多的积极品质;(2)不同内隐相貌刻板印象倾向下,第三方干预行为反应存在差异。较之其他内隐相貌刻板印象倾向,在人美心恶组与人丑心恶两组上,第三方干预选择反应时更短、第三方干预投入更多;(3)相貌刻板印象启动对第三方干预行为存在消极作用。与对照组相比,相貌刻板印象启动组被试的第三方干预行为更少、第三方干预选择的反应时更长、第三方投入更少;(4)不同的外显相貌刻板印象下第三方干预行为存在差异。在人美心恶组与人丑心恶两组上,做出的第三方干预行为更多、第三方干预选择反应时更短、第三方干预投入更多。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seeing something unfair and correct it regardless of stare is well recognized for its swordsmanship.At the same time,it is a description of Third Party Intervention(TPI)in daily life.Humans show a rare tendency to punish norm-violators,help a victim and/or reward generous altruists who have not harmed them directly—a behavior known as third parties intervene.TPI is recognized as a behavior beneficial to society in maintaining social justice and regulations.It is also recognized significant to promoting cooperation.Senior middle is in critical stage of forming their sense of values.Cultivating their TPI will help them to form and maintain cooperation in the community,promote public regulation obedience and safety of the community.Studies have shown that appearance stereotype affects TPI.But the previous studies reverse reason the relationship between the two according to face attracted pictures.No direct measurements were taken provide more direct and beneficial proof for appearance stereotype of TPI.Furthermore,there was neither search in comparison between stereotypes between dominant appearance and implicit appearance nor the difference of TPIs between different stereotypes.Previous studies have paid limited attention to the characters and performance of appearance stereotypes for students of senior middle school.There was also no study focused on the relationship between appearance stereotypes and TPI.The current study concerned the effect of implicit and explicit appearance stereotypes on TPI of senior middle school students.This study used the experimental methods,which consisted of two experiments.In experiment 1,a total 107 high school students were recruited as participants.the objective of experiment 1 is to research the effect of implicit appearance stereotypes on TPI.To measure the implicit appearance stereotype,we used The Extrirtsic Affect Simon Task(EAST).And the Dictator Game was used to measure the TPI.Results of the experiment indicated the negative effects of implicit appearance on TPI.In experiment 2,a total 138 high school students were recruited as participants.the objective of experiment 2 is to research the effect of explicit appearance stereotypes on TPI.Participants were randomly assigned to the stereotype group and the control group.Then the participants were required to read the materials to prime the explicit stereotype.Then participants were asked to complete Dictator Game.The result of the experiment 2 suggested that the negative effects of explicit appearance on TPI.更多还原