【作者】 郑旭东；

【导师】 王东；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 植物学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近些年,我国铁路事业飞速发展,为我们带来了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。然而,铁路工程的修建会使沿途的自然环境遭到破坏,对当地的生态系统造成了巨大的影响。本研究以天水至陇南线铁路工程为例,来研究铁路工程施工可能造成的陆生生态环境影响,从而提出解决办法。本文采用遥感解译、ArcGIS、ERDAS、Fragstats等技术手段,结合线路调查、样方调查以及相关资料,在充分考虑工程的特点和施工内容的前提下,就天水至陇南铁路修建对陆生生态环境的影响进行了分析,并给出了减缓和恢复措施。本研究主要结论如下:(1)评价区生态系统中,林地生态系统的面积和最大斑块指数最大,是整个评价区的主体景观。在施工过程中,草地、林地等自然景观的面积会减少,建筑用地会增加。但工程结束后,会采取恢复措施,一段时间后,评价区生态系统就可以恢复,并且铁路运行后,便利的交通运输会极大地促进城镇/村落生态系统的发展,因此,该工程对评价区生态系统有利。(2)评价区内植物种类丰富,共有132科773属2485种。在施工过程中,工程永久占地对植物的影响较大,在天水市秦州区、陇南市成县和康县境内,主要影响的是农作物,在陇南市徽县境内,主要影响的是灌草丛,在陇南市武都区境内,主要影响的是林地;工程临时占地选址的位置都是在农田以及灌草丛,影响的植被多是常见农作物和杂草。所以,由于工程总占地面积小,并且影响的植物多是常见物种,没有涉及重点保护植物;在工程结束后,及时地对被影响的植被采取恢复措施,因此工程施工对评价区植物的影响有限。(3)评价区动物种类繁多,共27目99科420种。本次项目的主要工程类型有轨道、隧道、桥涵,在隧道工程施工中,会影响一些地下型或者半地下型的小型兽类,还会影响栖息在隧道附近的爬行类和两栖类动物;在桥涵施工过程中,主要影响栖息地、觅食地在水域或水域周围的动物。铺设轨道将会破坏很多小型陆栖动物的生境,而且轨道工程还会影响到一些大型兽类的觅食、繁衍。但是由于施工过程中,会最大程度避开野生动物的生境,而且动物的避害能力都比较强,在施工结束后,采取恢复动物生境、修建动物廊道等措施,以此来恢复施工给动物带来的影响,所以本次工程施工对动物造成的影响是可以承受的。本次研究的意义:通过对新建天水至陇南线铁路陆生生态影响评价的研究,补充完善了陇南地区陆生生态现状资料,以环境评价的手段促进我国铁路建设的可持续性发展。在环境影响评价方面,我国相关工作开展比较晚,评价方法和体系还处于探讨研究中,仍然有很多不足之处,本次研究对于铁路工程环境影响评价提供一定的思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the rapid development of China’s railway industry has brought us huge social and economic benefits.However,the construction of the railway project will destroy the natural environment along the way and have a huge impact on the local ecosystem.This study takes the Tianshui-Longnan railway project as an example to study the possible terrestrial ecological environmental impact caused by railway construction,and then proposes solutions.This article uses remote sensing interpretation,ArcGIS,ERDAS,Fragstats and other technical means,combined with line surveys,sample surveys and related data,on the premise of fully considering the characteristics and construction content of the project,the construction of the Tianshui-Longnan railway to the terrestrial ecological environment The impact of the analysis was given,and mitigation and recovery measures were given.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Among the ecosystems in the evaluation area,the area and the largest patch index of the forestland ecosystem are the largest,which is the main landscape of the entire evaluation area.During the construction process,the area of natural landscapes such as grasslands and woodlands will decrease,and construction land will increase.However,after the project is completed,restoration measures will be taken.After a period of time,the ecosystem in the evaluation area can be restored,and after the railway is operated,convenient transportation will greatly promote the development of the town/village ecosystem.Therefore,the project has The ecosystem is beneficial.(2)There are abundant plant species in the evaluation area,with a total of 2485 species in 132 families and 773 genera.During the construction process,the permanent land occupation of the project has a greater impact on the plants.In Qinzhou District of Tianshui City,Chengxian County and Kang County of Longnan City,the main impact is on crops,and in Huixian County of Longnan City,the main impact is irrigation.Grass,in the Wudu District of Longnan City,mainly affects the forest land;the location of the temporary land occupation of the project is in farmland and shrub grass,and the vegetation affected is mostly common crops and weeds.Therefore,because the project covers a small area and most of the plants affected are common species,no key protected plants are involved;after the project is completed,timely restoration measures are taken for the affected vegetation,so the impact of the project construction on the plants in the evaluation area limited.(3)There are many kinds of animals in the evaluation area,a total of 27 orders,99 families and 420 species.The main engineering types of this project include rails,tunnels,bridges and culverts.During the tunnel construction,it will affect some small underground or semi-underground animals,as well as reptiles and amphibians that live near the tunnel;During the construction of bridges and culverts,it mainly affects the animals living in or around the habitat and foraging ground.Laying the track will destroy the habitats of many small terrestrial animals,and the track project will also affect the foraging and reproduction of some large animals.However,during the construction process,the habitat of wild animals will be avoided to the greatest extent,and the ability of animals to avoid harm is relatively strong.After the construction is completed,measures such as restoring the animal habitat and constructing animal corridors are taken to restore the construction to the animals.The impact of this project,so the impact of this project on the animals can be tolerated.Significance of this study:Through the study on the assessment of the terrestrial ecology of the newly built Tianshui-Longnan railway,the status quo of terrestrial ecology in Longnan area was supplemented and improved,and the sustainable development of railway construction in China was promoted by means of environmental assessment.In terms of environmental impact assessment,China’s relevant work has been carried out relatively late,and the evaluation methods and systems are still under discussion.There are still many deficiencies.This study provides some considerations for the environmental impact assessment of railway projects.更多还原