抗战时期陕甘宁边区中国共产党媒体的社会动员研究

【作者】 王博；

【导师】 许加彪；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 新闻学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国共产党的发展图谱上,“延安时期”是一个具有特定历史意义的特殊概念,中国共产党在延安的十三年时间里,通过建立革命根据地和民主政权使得革命成果进一步扩大,延安的局部执政,成为了中国共产党走向全面执政的重要前提和深入实践。在边区革命实践中,共产党结合当地实际进行了众多创新性的政治实践,在高举全面抗战和民主建设的旗帜下,最终赢得了民心,进而走出了一条不同于国民党并引起西方广泛关注的“延安道路”。西方现代化理论中的社会动员思想与马克思主义思想相结合,在抗战时期延安的革命实践中扎下根来,作为党工作的重要组成部分,宣传工作自然将动员思想视作有力的革命手段而进行收编,利用党的媒体开展了广泛的社会动员活动,从历时性的角度来看,这一工作卓有成效而影响深远,其意义不仅限于延安时期,更体现在党发展史上的每一个阶段。正是基于此,本文力图从社会动员的角度去阐述延安时期党的新闻传播活动,建构延安时期社会动员活动的历史现实图景,提炼和弘扬新闻战线的延安精神,分析和概括延安时期媒体社会动员的策略和技巧,以此为当下国家的社会治理工作提供经验借鉴。延安时期共产党媒体的社会动员活动建立在特定的时空背景中。陕甘宁边区的地理生态恶劣,共产党选择在此开拓政权,要面对巨大的挑战和困难;面对日军的大举入侵,共产党坚持全面抗日,希望与国民党一同建立抗日民族统一战线,抵御外辱,共赴国难,但国民党一方却态度消极,一味妥协;中国作为二战时期的东方主战场,与世界范围内的抗战活动紧密相连,苏联在本土抵御德国法西斯入侵,战争的残酷性与正义性并存,而共产国际对中国共产党的态度摇摆,推动中国共产党开始开辟自己的革命道路。延安时期以党媒为中心率先完成了社会动员的顶层设计。共产党高举抗日民族统一战线的旗帜,确立了核心的组织地位,党的宣传媒体也逐渐形成了以《解放日报》为核心的差序结构,为了进一步加强党报的喉舌作用,强化党性原则,以延安整风运动为背景,《解放日版》进行了改版,真正成为了一份“战斗的报纸”。共产党依靠政权结构所形成的垂直的民众动员体系与群众团体组织形成的横向的民众动员体系相配合,最终构成了一个宏观的、置于顶层的社会动员架构。延安时期共产党媒体的微观动员模式也丰富多彩。借助不同的介质在不同的场景中积极铺陈开来,并取得良好的收效。“全党办报,群众办报”成为对党的宣传鼓动工作的精准描述,党的领导和群众基础同样是共产党发展壮大的核心要义。在此背景下,边区的媒体动员立体多元,标语口号、电影音乐、木刻年画纷纷发挥作用,读报组、识字运动等依靠媒介开展起来的群众性活动也热火朝天,媒体动员深入群众经济生活和文化教育的方方面面。总体来看,延安抗战时期中国共产党媒体社会动员呈现出了如下特点:即动员思想坚持党性与人民性、动员体系完成自塑与再塑、动员方法呈现多元与实效。同时,共产党媒体的社会动员也有值得反思的地方,出现的大部分问题通过党的自我反思得以解决,少部分问题则体现在对于苏联模式的机械式照搬、对通俗文化的强调消磨了知识分子的积极性以及政权稳固后动员活动异化带来的诸多不良后果等环节中。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the development history of the CPC,The yenan way is a special concept with specific historical significance.During 13 years in yenan the CPC further expanded its revolutionary achievements by establishing a revolutionary base.The partial administration of yenan has become an important prerequisite and in-depth practice for the CPC to move towards comprehensive governance.Under the banner of total Anti-Japanese War and democratic construction,The CPC finally won the hearts and thus found a yenan way that was different from the KMT and attracted widespread attention in the west.The thought of social mobilization in the theory of western modernization combined with the thought of marxism in the revolutionary practice in yenan during the Anti-Japanese War.As an important part of the party’s work,propaganda work regards mobilization as a powerful revolutionary means and uses the party’s media to carry out extensive social mobilization activities.From a diachronic point of view,this work is fruitful and far-reaching,its significance is not only limited to the yenan period,but also reflects the development of the party at every stage.Based on this,this paper tries to expound the party’s communication activities in the yenan period from the perspective of social mobilization,construct the historical and realistic picture of social mobilization activities in the yenan period,extract and promote the yenan spirit of the communication activities,analyze and summarize the strategies and skills of media social mobilization in the yenan period,so as to provide reference for the current social governance.The social mobilization activities of the communist media in yenan period were established in a specific space-time background.The shaanxi-gansu-ningxia border region has a bad geographical ecology,so the CPC chooses to exploit its power here,facing huge challenges and difficulties.Facing the large-scale invasion of the Japanese army,the CPC insisted on the comprehensive resistance against Japanese,hoping to establish the anti-japanese national united front together with the KMT,but the KMT was passive and always compromised.As the main eastern battlefield during world war ii,China was closely linked to the war.The Soviet union resisted the invasion of German fascism in its homeland,while Cominternl wavered in its attitude towards the CPC,pushing CPC to start its own revolutionary path.In yenan period,the party media took the lead in completing the top-level design of social mobilization.The CPC held the banner of the anti-japanese national united front and established its core organizational position.The party’s propaganda system also gradually formed the differential structure of the media with Liberation Daily as the core.In order to further strengthen the mouthpiece role of the party newspaper,enhance the party spirit principle,with the Rectification Movement as the background,the Liberation Daily edition has been revised,really become a "fighting newspaper".The vertical mass mobilization system of the CPC and the horizontal mass mobilization system formed spontaneously by mass organizations cooperate to form a macro and top-level social mobilization structure.The micro mobilization mode of the CPC media during yenan period was also rich and colorful.With the help of different media in different scenes of active development,and achieved good results."The whole party runs newspapers and the masses run newspapers" has become an accurate description of the party’s propaganda work.The party and the masses are also at the core of the party’s growth.In this context,the media mobilization in the border area is multi-dimensional,Slogans,films,music and woodcut came into play,newspaper groups,literacy campaigns and other mass activities that relied on the media were in full swing.The media mobilized the masses in their economic life,cultural and educational activities.On the whole,the media social mobilization of the CPC during the Anti-Japanese War in yenan showed the following characteristics:the mobilization ideology adhered to the party spirit and the people’s character,the mobilization system was self-shaping and re-shaping,and the mobilization methods were diversified and effective.At the same time,The social mobilization of the CPC media also has something to reflect on.Most of the problems that arose were solved by the party’s self-reflection,and some of which are reflected in the mechanical copying of the Soviet model,the emphasis on popular culture that has eroded the enthusiasm of intellectuals,and the negative consequences of the alienation of mobilization activities after the regime is stable.更多还原