【作者】 张新；

【导师】 周月峰；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国史， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 民国初期,蔡元培等人倡导教育改革,但是效果甚微。各种教育改革方案如同一纸空文,教育出现偏重书本,学校所授内容不能适应社会实际需要等问题。黄炎培为认为这些问题皆始于教育“不实用”,为解决民初教育不实用问题,于1913年8月,他撰成《学校教育采用实用主义之商榷》一文并发表。商榷书在江苏省教育会、商务印书馆的促进下,被众多报纸、杂志转发,黄炎培的实用主义教育思想逐渐引起社会的广泛关注。黄炎培在商榷书中,将学校教育是否采用实用主义?以及如何施行实用主义教育?这两个问题抛给社会舆论,让众多人士参与讨论,他们纷纷建言献策,从而社会上掀起了关于讨论实用主义教育的思潮。对于学校教育是否采用实用主义?时人或赞成,或反对,但皆有各方充分的理由,争论不休。对于如何施行实用主义教育?多为赞成实用主义教育人士讨论,他们主要从实用教科书及实用教授法方面分析问题。黄炎培一直在坚持宣传实用主义教育思想,随着实用主义教育思潮的影响,越来越多的人关注并倡导实用主义教育。除个人外,教育部、各地方政府、教育会、以及杂志社也纷纷支持并倡导实用主义教育。他们既是被实用主义教育潮流推动的朵朵浪花,也是构成实用主义教育潮流的朵朵浪花。虽然社会各界为倡导实用主义教育做了众多努力,但实用主义教育在学校实行中受到经费缺乏、行政敷衍、教授内容被曲解等问题的阻碍,导致除极个别学校能切实推行实用主义教育外,民初大部份小学校很难做到。实用主义教育思潮的影响有积极的,也有消极的。实用主义教育思潮,确实起到了“潮流激荡,举国改观”的深远影响,但也带来了新的教育问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the beginning of the Republic,Cai Yuanpei and others advocated educational reform but the effect was minimal.Various educational reform programs,such as the same paper.Education has a tendency to focus on books.The contents of the school cannot meet the needs of the actual needs of the society.Huang Yanpei believes that these problems begin with education "not practical".To solve the problem of impractical education in the early period of the Republic,in August 1913,he wrote and published a book entitled "Publicism in School Education".Under the promotion of Jiangsu Education Association and Commercial Press,"Publicism in School Education" was forwarded by many newspapers and magazines.Huang Yanpei’s pragmatic education thought has gradually aroused widespread concern in society.Does school education adopt pragmatism?And how to implement pragmatic education?These two questions were thrown to the public opinion by Huang Yanpei.He let many people participate in the discussion and Post their opinions.A trend of thought about discussing pragmatic education has arisen in society.Whether the issue of pragmatism is adopted in school education?Some people agree that there are objections,but there are good reasons for all parties to argue.How to implement pragmatic education?Mostly in favor of pragmatism educators.They mainly analyze problems from practical textbooks and practical teaching methods.Huang Yanpei has been insisting on propagating pragmatic educational thoughts.More and more people are paying attention to and advocating pragmatic education with the influence of pragmatic education.In addition to individuals,the Ministry of Education,local governments,educational associations,and magazines have also supported and advocated pragmatic education.They are not only the blossoming waves promoted by the trend of pragmatic education,but also the blossoming waves that constitute the trend of pragmatic education.Although all walks of life have made many efforts to advocate pragmatic education,pragmatic education has been hindered by problems such as lack of funds,administrative perfunctory,and misinterpretation of professor content in school implementation.As a result,in addition to the fact that very few schools can effectively implement pragmatic education,and most primary schools in the early Republic of China were difficult to do it.The influence of pragmatic education thoughts is positive and negative.The pragmatic education trend has indeed changed the educational thoughts of the whole country,but it have also brought about new educational problems.更多还原