【作者】 庞军；

【导师】 邱鹭风；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 民商法学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 不动产抵押权善意取得的适用,对于商业银行开展不动产抵押信贷业务,促进市场经济的繁荣和发展具有重要意义。本文以商业银行的审慎注意义务为视角,解析不动产抵押权的善意取得。本文的第一部分对不动产抵押权善意取得的法律基础进行梳理,论证不动产抵押权适用善意取得的可行性。结合最高人民法院2016年2月颁布的《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国物权法>若干问题的解释(一)》以及《物权法》第106条和相关法律法规的规定,梳理学者的研究中对于不动产抵押权适用善意取得的争论,论证不动产抵押权适用善意取得的合理性,同时,对不动产抵押权善意取得和动产抵押权善意取得的区别进行梳理。再者,对德国,瑞士,和我国台湾地区对于不动产抵押权适用善意取得的相关法律规定进行比较法研究和评析,夯实不动产抵押权善意取得的法律基础,进而从交易安全,降低成本等方面分析商业银行善意取得不动产抵押权的价值。本文的第二部分论述不动产抵押权善意取得的构成要件。首先,基于抵押权具有从属性,笔者首先对主债权的有效性进行分析研究;再者,登记错误作为不动产抵押权善意取得的构成要件,笔者将对不动产登记的推定力和公信力进行论述,并简要讨论登记错误出现的类型;然后对不动产抵押权善意取得的主观要件“善意”进行论述,包括善意的判断标准,非善意的认定,举证责任的分配,善意判断的时间点等具体问题;接着对不动产抵押权善意取得的客观要件进行分析,包括办理登记,以及基于抵押权的特殊性对不动产抵押权善意取得中“合理对价”构成要件的排除。在此基础上,论述不动产抵押权善意取得的法律效果,进而对不动产抵押权善意取得的构成要件形成完整的认知,尤其是对于“善意”的判断明确为不知且无重大过失,进而与第三章商业银行善意取得不动产抵押权的善意判断进行区分。本文的第三部分着重探讨商业银行的审慎注意义务。商业银行由于其主体的特殊性,在善意取得不动产抵押权的过程中,其“善意”的要求应当是善意无过失,这就带来了商业银行在善意取得不动产抵押权的过程中的审慎注意义务。要研究商业银行在不动产抵押权善意取得中的特殊性,首先要明确商业银行审慎注意义务的正当性,一要研究民商事法律关系的区分及其意义,二要研究不动产抵押权善意取得对于商业银行的意义。在此基础上,对于银行的注意义务,首先笔者将梳理注意义务的法理,理清商业银行审慎注意义务的类型、来源、意义等,进而结合具体的操作规范和建议论述商业银行注意义务的具体内容,在此基础上,结合司法审判实践,对商业银行的审慎注意义务在司法实践中的运用进行分析评述。不动产抵押权善意取得的适用,对于商业银行开展不动产抵押信贷业务,丰富商业银行的业务种类,增强商业银行的盈利能力,促进市场经济的有序发展,具有重要意义。在商业银行的视角下,对不动产抵押权的善意取得进行专门研究,对其审慎注意义务划定合理的判断标准,可以在商业银行和不动产真实物权人之间达到利益平衡,维护正常合理的金融秩序,从而实现法律维护社会公平正义的价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appliance of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage makes a huge difference to the commercial banks’ promoting real estate mortgage,as well as the prosperity and development of market economy.This essay will summarize the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage from the point of commercial banks.The first part will summarize the foundation of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage,based on the Interpretations on several issues concerning the application of the Property Law published by the Supreme People’s Court in February 2016,as well as the item 106 of the Property Law.Meanwhile,the essay will clarify the scholars’ points of views concerning the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage and distinguish the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage from the bona fide acquisition of chattel mortgage to demonstrate the reasonableness of the application on the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage.Also,the essay will make a comparative study on the regulations of Germany,Switzerland,and Chinese Taiwan area to stabilize the legal basis of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage,and to evaluate the value of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage from the point of commercial banks.The second part will mainly focus on the elements of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage.Firstly,as mortgage is attributive to the principle debt,the essay will do a research on the effectiveness of the principle debt.Secondly,the essay will discuss the presumptive force and the credibility of registration of real estate and clarify different forms of registration error.Thirdly,the essay will analyze the subject element of bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage,which is goodwill,including the judgment standard of goodwill,the exemption condition,the distribution of proof burden,and the time to judge the goodwill.Next,the essay will clarify the object element of bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage,which is registration.Also,the essay will discuss why a reasonable price is not one of the elements to make the judgement of bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage.Based on the discussions above,the result of bona fide acquisition.of real estate mortgage can be shown.Then the elements of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage can be shown,especially the judgement of goodwill,which excludes intention and gross negligence,so the difference of the judgement between general public and commercial banks can be clear.The third part will concentrate on the careful attention of commercial banks.Due to the special characteristics of commercial banks,the judgements of goodwill of commercial banks should be bona fide non fault,which differs from general public.This leads to the special duty of careful attention of commercial banks.To emphasize the special characters of the commercial banks,the first thing is to make clear the legitimacy of commercial banks’ careful attention,and then to distinguish legal rules of civil relation from commercial relation and the meaning to distinct them,as well as the meaning of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage to commercial banks.For commercial banks’ careful attention,the essay will clarify foundation of the duty of care,including the type,origin and the judgement of the careful attention of commercial banks based on the things above.Then combined with commercial banks’operation rules,the essay will discuss the specific content of commercial banks’ duty of careful attention.The last part is to do a case study to make clear the application of commercial banks’ careful attention in judicial practice.The application of the bona fide acquisition of real estate mortgage makes a huge difference to both the commercial banks and the society.Only when reasonable standards are regulated for judging the careful attention of commercial banks can the balance between commercial banks and the real owner of real estate be achieved.Then the normal and reasonable financial order can be protected and the value of law to protect the fair and justice can be accomplished.更多还原