【作者】 郭佳；

【导师】 周欣展；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 文艺学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 中国新时期已降,也就是改革开放以来,西方的各种文学批评理论开始涌入中国,其中,结构理论和解构理论受到更多研究者的青睐。但是,文学研究是建立在文本阅读基础上的,所以关注文本,细读文本才是做学问的第一步。因此,在中国新时期,新批评研究涌起了第二次热潮,赵毅衡作为新批评理论的推崇者,他将新批评理论系统而全面地介绍到中国,起到了“桥梁”的作用。其他的学者或者根据自身的阅读经验,或者受新批评细读理论的影响也慢慢意识到文本细读的重要性,并且身体力行,用实践告诫我们文学细读的必要性,并且通过实践丰富了新批评细读理论,建构出了一些属于自己的细读方法。为了更好地了解“细读”,本文的第一章对新批评理论尤其是“细读法”进行了梳理。从第二章开始从文艺理论、古典文学和现当代三个方面对中国新时期的“文本细读”进行分析,整体而言,这个时期中国的“文本细读”受西方新批评影响较大,但同时也融入了中国传统文学批评的特点。在文艺理论领域,笔者选取了新批评理论译介的“桥梁”人物赵毅衡和微观分析已成系统的孙绍振,分析他们如何在“新批评细读法”的影响下,有所突破和创新,形成自己的“细读法”。众所周知,“新批评细读法”主要的研究对象是诗歌,所以第三章选取了古典文学中的诗歌作为研究对象,分别分析了叶嘉莹的“层次细读法”和程千帆的“辩证细读法”。中国古典诗歌鉴赏之前追求的印象式、只可意会不可言传的批评方式,但是作为文学批评者,应该给予一些客观的评价,所以鉴赏诗歌必须要“细读”,但是中国古典诗歌的鉴赏并不只局限于西方的言语结构分析,只关注言语本身的“张力”、“反讽”、“悖论”等,在鉴赏古典诗歌时,我们会把视线放的更大、更广,大到知人论世,广到辩证、吟诵。虽然“细读”被认为是鉴赏诗歌的专利,但是对于小说而言,虽然不能做到像诗歌那样“细读”,但也不是没有“细读”的可能,中国传统文学批评中的“评点”就是小说的一种细读方法,但是这种方法局限性很大,它只能剖析一句话或者一段话的精妙,不能从整体上把握一部小说的命脉,所以在小说的“细读”上,我们要探索的是与诗歌不同的“细读”方法,可以仍从语言上进行把握,比如赵宪章的“文本调查”,也可以从文章的细节处去把握整体,比如陈思和的“阅读四步”。通过对“细读”方法的研究、整理,对于试图建构一套完整的中国细读理论这个设想,笔者不禁产生怀疑,因为文本不同,细读方法就会产生差异,本身的阅读经验和阅读习惯不同,细读文本也会采取不同的方法,因此,很难建构一套完整的细读理论来涵盖所有的细读方法,而且随着人们阅读经验的丰富、阅读技巧的提升,细读文本的方法会不断地生成和更新。所以,“细读”其实带有一种个性化的特点,看似类似的细读方法,仔细观察总能找到它们之间的不同。我们要做的就是了解这些细读方法,在细读文本的时候,能够灵活地运用,最终形成属于自己的、具有一定固定性的细读方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has been put in the new period,since the reform and opening,the western theories of literary criticism began pouring into China,among them,Structure Theory and the Theory of Deconstruction favored by more and more researchers.But,as the basis of literature research is based on text reading,so pay attention to the text and reading the text are the first step of the study.Therefor,the study of new criticism boom again today.And Zhao Yiheng,as proponents of the theory of new criticism,introduced it to China comprehensivly which have the effect of the“bridge”.Other scholars according to their own reading experiences,or affected by the theory of new criticism to read also realize the importance of close reading slowly,and show us the importance of reading literature carefully according to practice,and enrich the theory of new criticism to read through practice,construct out some ways to read which belong to themselves.In order to understand the“close reading”better,the first chapter of this article make a list of the new criticism theory especially generalizes the "read".From the second chapter,it begins to analyze China’ s new era of "close reading"which from the theory of literature and art,classical literature and modern and contemporary three aspects,As a whole,they are greatly influenced by the western new criticism,but also have the features of traditional Chinese literary criticism.Selected in the field of literary theory,choose Zhao Yiheng who are regarded as the "bridge" of translations of the new criticism theory and Sun Shaozhen whose microscopic analysis has become a system,analysis of how they make a breakthrough and innovation,and form their own "close reading" under the influence of the new criticism to read carefully.As we all know,"the new criticism to close reading" is the main object of study poetry,so the third chapter selected the classical poems as the research objects,trying to analyze Ye Jiaying’s "level to read method"and Cheng Qianfan’s dialectical method of close reading.The appreciation of the poetrys pursuing impression type,inexpressible way of criticism,but as literary critic,it should give some objective evaluations,so the appreciation of poetry must be"close reading",but appreciation of classical Chinese poetry is not only confined to the west of the language structure,not only focus on language itself "tension","irony" and"paradox",when we appreciating of classical poetry,we will put the line of sight of the larger,more wide,broadsword to "Zhi Ren Lun Shi",even widen to the dialectical and chanting.Although "read" is considered to be the patent of appreciating poetry,but for the novel,maybe it can’t be "close reading" like poetry,but that doesn’t mean there is no possibility to "close reading".Look back on the traditional novels of China,traditional Chinese literary criticism is one method of close reading of the novel,but this method has many limitations,it can only analyze a sentence or a paragraph,can’t grasp the lifeblood of the novel,so in the novel’s "close reading",we must explore a way that different from the ways to "close reading" poetry,we also can starts from the the language,such as Zhao Xianzhang’s "text",also from the article to grasp the whole detail places,such as Chen Sihe’s"reading four steps".Overall,through the study of“lose reading”method,we have to doubt about the assumption that trying to construct a complete set of Chinese reading theory.Because the text is different,and the way to read is different,originally,the different reading experiences and reading habits require different approaches.So it is hard to construct a set of complete read theory to cover all the read method,and as people’s reading experience become richer and richer,the reading skills improved,read text method need to generate and update constantly.So,"read" actually with a personalized characters,some methods of close reading look like the same,but finally you can find the different between them.What we need to do is to understand the read method.When we reading the text,we can try to use it and finally we can form our own method of close reading.更多还原