【作者】 张睿；

【导师】 李钢；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 城市规划硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的飞速发展,人民物质生活水平不断提高,对于教育的需求也由过去的“有学上”转变为如今的“有好学上”。学前教育作为我国基础教育不可或缺的组成部分,如何构建覆盖率高,服务性强和满足人民需求的教育设施具有重要的现实意义。同时促进教育事业的可持续健康发展是我国长期追求的目标,合理的教育资源配置有助于教育的公平发展。在此背景下,为解决我国教育规划中长期存在的问题,优化城市学前教育资源的配置均等化,提高居民对于学前教育资源的满意度,成为了幼儿园建设中的重要问题。因此,本文基于西安市雁塔区的调研数据与POI数据,综合运用文献资料引证法、调研分析法、基于GIS的空间分析等方法,解析城市幼儿园的设施配置标准,提出西安市幼儿园配置指标建议,结合雁塔区幼儿园教育现状分析和空间布局分析,从社区生活圈视角出发探究雁塔区幼儿园空间布局的特征,选用IPA法对雁塔区幼儿园现状做出评价,进而提出优化对策和建议。主要结论如下:(1)西安市幼儿园配置指标分析:(1)结合西安市实际情况,测算出西安市幼儿园学位千人指标为36.77个/千人;(2)确定西安市幼儿园用地面积范围为2706m~2～7492m~2,生均占地面积范围为15.04m~2～22.74m~2,建筑面积范围为1589m~2～4841m~2,生均建筑面积范围为8.82m~2～14.95m~2;(3)通过问卷调查结合15分钟生活圈居住区的步行可达性要求,幼儿园的服务范围选取为300m～1000m。(2)雁塔区幼儿园资源指标特征:(1)通过西安市幼儿园学位千人指标对雁塔区内8个街道的学位需求数进行测算,发现7个街道的幼儿园学位需求与现有学位数量存在供需不均问题;(2)雁塔区幼儿园的生均占地面积为8.8 m~2/人,生均建筑面积为7.8 m~2/人,生均教职工数为0.1534,生均专任教职工数为0.0789,生均占地与建筑面积指标低于西安市指标标准;(3)优质幼儿园资源75%为公办属性,各优质教育资源的生均指标配置存在较大差异;(4)公办幼儿园的4项生均指标高于雁塔区幼儿园指标均值,民办幼儿园的4项生均指标低于雁塔区幼儿园指标均值,表明公办幼儿园的办学水准高于民办幼儿园的办学水准。(3)雁塔区幼儿园的现状评价:通过“重要性—满意度”评价法进行问卷调查,基于问卷调查结果对雁塔区幼儿园现状进行评价,结果表明(1)81%的受访者接受15分钟的单程通勤时长,55.6%的受访者采用步行的通勤方式;(2)对调查结果进行“重要性—满意度”的IPA分析发现受访者普遍认为幼儿园的公共空间规模和周边交通情况有着较高的重要性,但现阶段没有受到重视,满意度较差。(4)雁塔区幼儿园空间布局特征:(1)雁塔区幼儿园在空间上的分布方向为“西—东”与城市发展方向一致,集聚趋势较为显著,呈现“双心一片,多点聚集”的空间形态,主要在长延堡街道和电子城街道呈现空间聚集,其他区域聚集性较低;(2)雁塔区幼儿园的300m、600m和1000m的实际服务范围占全区总面积的7.53%、18.4%以及35.18%,区内存在部分社区不在幼儿园的15分钟服务范围内;(3)幼儿园的空间布局绝大部分在社区5分钟生活圈范围内,少量在社区15分钟生活圈范围内;(4)公办幼儿园的空间布局与道路密度关联性较小,空间分布符合其覆盖性强的特点,民办幼儿园的空间布局与道路密度关联性较大,且与居住区生活圈高度一致。(5)雁塔区幼儿园空间布局优化:通过位置分配模型对雁塔区幼儿园空间进行布局优化,当通行距离为1000m时,需要配置122所幼儿园,通行距离为600m和300m时,需要配置256所幼儿园和566所幼儿园。总体来看,现阶段幼儿园数量基本满足15分钟社区生活圈内各社区对幼儿园的需求,但部分幼儿园空间位置需要做出调整。(6)基于前述研究,探索了雁塔区幼儿园分布与优化的综合机制,提出了6点优化发展的对策与规划建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of China’s economy,people’s living standard has been improving,and the demand for education has changed from "have schooling" to "have good schooling".Preschool education as an essential part of basic education in China,it is important to build educational facilities with high coverage,strong service,and meeting people’s needs.At the same time,promoting the sustainable and healthy development of education is a long-term goal of China,a reasonable distribution of educational resources can help the fair development of education.In this context,in order to solve the long-term problems in China’s education planning,optimizing the equal allocation of urban preschool education resources and improving the residents’ satisfaction with preschool education resources have become important issues in the construction of kindergartens.Therefore,based on the research data and POI data of Yanta District,Xi’an,this paper analyzes the facility allocation standards of urban kindergartens based on literature review,research and analysis method,and GIS-based spatial analysis,analyzes the indexes of kindergarten allocation in Xi’an,combines the analysis of the current situation and spatial layout of kindergarten education in Yanta District to explore the kindergartens in Yanta District from the perspective of community living circle.The IPA method was selected to evaluate the current situation of kindergartens in Yanta District,and then optimized countermeasures and suggestions were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Proposals on the allocation index of kindergartens in Xi’an:(1)taking into account the actual situation of Xi’an,the index of kindergarten places per 1,000 people in Xi’an was calculated to be 36.77 per 1,000 people;(2)the range of land area of kindergartens in Xi’an was determined to be 2706m~2～7492m~2,the range of land area per student was15.04m~2～22.74m~2,the range of building area was 1589m~2～4841m~2,and the average construction area per student was 8.82m~2～14.95m~2;(3)through the questionnaire survey combined with the walking accessibility requirements of the 15-minute living circle residential area,the service area of kindergarten is selected as 300～1000m.(2)The current indicator characteristics of kindergarten resources in Yanta District:(1)Based on the index of 1000 people with degrees in kindergartens of Xi’an,the degree demand of eight Sub-districts in Yanta District was measured,and the problem of uneven supply and demand,between the degree demand of seven Sub-districts and the number of existing degrees was discovered;(2)The floor space and the covered area of each student in the kindergartens in the Yanta District are 8.8 square meters per person and 7.8 square meters per person.And they are lower to the standard of the Xi’an city.The numbers of employees per student and full-time employees per person are 0.1534 and 0.0789repeatedly;(3)Public high-quality kindergarten resources is 75%.While the allocation per student exists huge differences among every nigh quality educational resource;(4)The 4average indicators of all students among public kindergartens in The Yanta District are higher than average standard.Therefore the private data is lower than average figure,results show that there are large differences in the allocation indexes among high-quality educational resources(3)Evaluation of the current situation of kindergartens in Yanta District: based on the evaluation by importance-performance analysis,it commands the current situation about the kindergartens in the Yanta District according by the survey result on the questionnaire.The result shows:(1)81% cases accept 15 mins one-way commute,to compare with 55.6%cases accept one-way commute on foot;(2)According to a survey of the IPA analysis,it shows that a majority of interviews think that the size of the public space and the traffic around the kindergarten are very important.However,the public does not pay attention to it nowadays,they are not satisfied with the current situation.(4)Spatial layout characteristics of kindergartens in Yanta District:(1)The spatial distribution direction of kindergartens in Yanta District is "West-East",which is consistent with the direction of urban development,and the trend of agglomeration is more significant,showing a spatial pattern of "two hearts and one piece,multi-point aggregation",mainly in Changyanbao Sub-districts and The spatial clustering is mainly in Changyanbao Sub-district and Dianzicheng Sub-district,while the clustering in other areas is low.(2)The actual service area of kindergartens in Yanta District of 300 m,600m and 1000 m accounts for 7.53%,18.4% and 35.18% of the total area of the district,and some communities in the district are not within the 15-minute service area of kindergartens;(3)The spatial layout of kindergartens is mostly within the community 5-minute life circle,with a small number within the community 15-minute life circle;(4)The spatial layout of public kindergartens is less related to the road,relating to the road closely,the spatial layout of private kindergartens is highly consistent with the life circle.(5)Spatial layout optimization of kindergartens in Yanta District: The layout optimization of kindergarten space in Yanta District is carried out by the location allocation model.122 kindergartens need to be allocated when the access distance is 1000 meters,and 256 kindergartens and 566 kindergartens need to be allocated when the access distance is 600 meters and 300 meters.Generally,most of kindergartens basically meet the demands of kindergartens in communities within 15-minute community living circle.But some kindergartens need to adjust the space location.(6)Base on previous studies,it discovers the comprehensive mechanism of the distribution and optimization of kindergartens in the Yanta District,and put out six optimization strategies and suggestions.更多还原